Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Thermodynamics: Activity Coefficient01:24

Thermodynamics: Activity Coefficient

2.7K
Activity is the measure of the effective concentration of the species in solution. It can be expressed as the product of the molar concentration of the species and its activity coefficient. The activity coefficient is a dimensionless quantity and depends on the total ionic strength of the solution.
The activity coefficient is a measure of the deviation from ideal behavior. When the ionic strength of the solution is minimal, the activity coefficient of an ionic species is close to unity, making...
2.7K
Factors Affecting Activity Coefficient01:17

Factors Affecting Activity Coefficient

1.4K
The extended Debye-Hückel equation indicates that the activity coefficient of an ion in an aqueous solution at 25°C depends on three partially interdependent properties: the ionic strength of the solution, the charge of the ion, and the ion size. 
The activity coefficient value for an ion is close to one when the solution has almost zero ionic strength, i.e., when the solution shows close to ideal behavior. As the ionic strength of the solution increases from 0 to 0.1 mol/L, a...
1.4K
Thermodynamics: Chemical Potential and Activity01:10

Thermodynamics: Chemical Potential and Activity

1.5K
The effective concentration of a species in a solution can be expressed precisely in terms of its activity. Activity considers the effect of electrolytes present in the vicinity of the species of interest and depends on the ionic strength of the solution. The activity of a species is expressed as the product of molar concentration and the activity coefficient of the species.
The thermodynamic equilibrium constant is more accurately defined in terms of activity rather than concentration.
1.5K
Chemical Equilibria: Redefining Equilibrium Constant01:20

Chemical Equilibria: Redefining Equilibrium Constant

1.0K
The effect of an inert salt on the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt is known as the salt effect. The degree of the salt effect varies with the ionic strength of the solution, which in turn depends on the activity of the species in the solution. The activity is expressed as the product of concentration and the activity coefficient of the species.
To calculate the equilibrium constants of solutions of moderately high ionic strength, one must account for the salt effect. This redefined...
1.0K
Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

2.9K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
2.9K
Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations02:05

Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations

52.3K
Being able to calculate equilibrium concentrations is essential to many areas of science and technology—for example, in the formulation and dosing of pharmaceutical products. After a drug is ingested or injected, it is typically involved in several chemical equilibria that affect its ultimate concentration in the body system of interest. Knowledge of the quantitative aspects of these equilibria is required to compute a dosage amount that will solicit the desired therapeutic effect.
A more...
52.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Virtual fluorescent labeling of engineered vascular networks with embedded tracer particles.

Acta biomaterialia·2026
Same author

Label-Free Prediction of Fluorescently Labeled Fibrin Networks.

Biomaterials research·2025
Same author

A method for site-specifically tethering the enzyme urease to DNA origami with sustained activity.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Description of a telehealth mental health programme in the framework of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia.

Revista Colombiana de psiquiatria (English ed.)·2024
Same author

Removal of Mo(VI), Pb(II), and Cu(II) from wastewater using electrospun cellulose acetate/chitosan biopolymer fibers.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2024
Same author

Pancoast Syndrome Due to High Grade Anaplastic Tumor.

HCA healthcare journal of medicine·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures
10:56

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Published on: May 20, 2014

12.5K

Quantifying the non-equilibrium activity of an active colloid.

Sarah Eldeen1, Ryan Muoio1, Paris Blaisdell-Pijuan2

  • 1Department of Physics, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA. wahmed@fullerton.edu.

Soft Matter
|May 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers studied energy dissipation in active matter systems using light-activated colloidal particles. They measured non-thermal energy dissipation rates, showing these are quantifiable from experimental data.

More Related Videos

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
09:26

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Published on: April 22, 2016

10.3K
A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters
07:47

A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters

Published on: April 20, 2015

10.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures
10:56

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Published on: May 20, 2014

12.5K
Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
09:26

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Published on: April 22, 2016

10.3K
A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters
07:47

A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters

Published on: April 20, 2015

10.2K

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Colloidal Science

Background:

  • Active matter systems display complex behaviors driven by continuous energy flow.
  • These systems are far from equilibrium, challenging traditional statistical mechanics.
  • Stochastic thermodynamics offers tools to analyze energy in fluctuating non-equilibrium systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate non-thermal energy dissipation in individual light-activated self-propelled colloidal particles.
  • To characterize the transition between thermal and non-thermal fluctuations in these systems.
  • To demonstrate the measurability of energy dissipation rates from finite time series data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing recent theoretical and experimental advancements in active matter research.
  • Analyzing data from light-activated self-propelled colloidal particles.
  • Applying principles of stochastic thermodynamics to quantify energy dissipation.

Main Results:

  • Characterized non-thermal energy dissipation in individual colloidal particles.
  • Identified and analyzed the transition from thermal to non-thermal fluctuations.
  • Showed that energy dissipation rates (∼kBT s−1) are measurable from finite time series.

Conclusions:

  • Non-thermal energy dissipation is a key feature of active matter systems.
  • Stochastic thermodynamics provides a framework for quantifying energy in these systems.
  • Experimental measurement of dissipation rates is feasible, advancing the study of far-from-equilibrium dynamics.