Pyelolithotomy of a renal transplant

A large calculus developed in a renal transplant patient and was removed by pyelolithotomy. Hyperparathyroidism was not present. Important factors to consider before performing a nephrolithotomy in a transplanted kidney are whether the transplant was a right or left kidney and the timing of the operation in relation to renal function and infection. The etiology for renal stone formation in renal transplant recipients includes hyercalciuria, renal tubular acidosis, antacid administration and infection.