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Functional cognitive disorders: update on diagnostic status.

¹Cognitive Function Clinic, Walton Centre for Neurology & Neurosurgery, Liverpool, UK.

Neurodegenerative Disease Management

|May 1, 2020

Summary

Functional cognitive disorders (FCD) affect patients without clear neurological causes. Diagnosis may rely on clinical profiles, with mood and sleep issues often co-occurring.

Keywords:

diagnosis epidemiology functional cognitive disorders pathogenesis

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Cognitive Science

Background:

Many patients presenting with cognitive symptoms lack identifiable neurological explanations.
A significant subset exhibits a discrepancy between subjective cognitive complaints and objective functional capacity.
This diagnostic category is termed 'functional cognitive disorders' (FCD).

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding and evidence base for functional cognitive disorders (FCD).
To explore diagnostic approaches and associated conditions within FCD.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on functional cognitive disorders.
Analysis of clinical profiles, including discourse and simple clinical signs.
Examination of concurrent conditions such as mood and sleep disturbances.

Main Results:

Research on FCD is nascent, with preliminary evidence supporting diagnosis through characteristic clinical presentations.
Typical diagnostic indicators include specific patterns in language discourse and straightforward clinical observations.
Functional cognitive disorders frequently co-occur with mood disorders, sleep disturbances, and other functional conditions.

Conclusions:

Functional cognitive disorders represent a distinct diagnostic category requiring further investigation.
Positive diagnosis of FCD appears feasible based on established clinical profiles.
The underlying pathogenesis of FCD remains undetermined, with a potential role for metamemory dysfunction suggested.