Electro-optically Tunable Multifunctional Metasurfaces

Shaping the flow of light at the nanoscale has been a grand challenge for nanophotonics over decades. It is now widely recognized that metasurfaces represent a chip-scale nanophotonics array technology capable of comprehensively controlling the wavefront of light via appropriately configuring subwavelength antenna elements. Here, we demonstrate a reconfigurable metasurface that is multifunctional, i.e., notionally capable of providing diverse optical functions in the telecommunication wavelength regime, using a single compact, lightweight, electronically controlled array with no moving parts. By electro-optical control of the phase of the scattered light from each identical individual metasurface element in an array, we demonstrate a single prototype multifunctional programmable metasurface that is capable of both dynamic beam steering and reconfigurable light focusing. Reconfigurable multifunctional metasurfaces with arrays of tunable optical antennas thus can perform arbitrary optical functions by programmable array-level control of scattered light phase, amplitude, and polarization, similar to dynamic and programmable memories in electronics.