Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Visual System01:26

Visual System

1.5K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
1.5K
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

1.6K
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
1.6K
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

543
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
543
Vision01:24

Vision

59.1K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
59.1K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

9.2K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
9.2K
Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

1.2K
Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Legacy of Perley G. Nutting Jr.: The Past and the Present of Chromatic Discrimination.

Annual review of vision science·2026
Same author

Assessment of the Penn anomaloscope.

Biomedical optics express·2025
Same author

Effect of stimulus size on chromatic discrimination.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2025
Same author

Suspected marsh mallow (Malva parviflora) toxicosis in ponies-Case cluster including an asymptomatic survivor.

Australian veterinary journal·2025
Same author

A possible mechanism of neural read-out from a molecular engram.

Neurobiology of learning and memory·2023
Same author

Bongard and Smirnov on the tetrachromacy of extra-foveal vision.

Vision research·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.2K

How does the human visual system compare the speeds of spatially separated objects?

M V Danilova1,2, C Takahashi1, J D Mollon1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom.

Plos One
|May 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Human visual perception of motion speed is robust across spatial separation and direction differences. This suggests a shared neural pathway, not just local detectors, processes visual motion information.

More Related Videos

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons
07:13

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons

Published on: November 9, 2018

11.3K
Author Spotlight: Assessment of Visual Acuity in Central Vision Loss Through Motion-Based Peripheral Vision Testing
06:25

Author Spotlight: Assessment of Visual Acuity in Central Vision Loss Through Motion-Based Peripheral Vision Testing

Published on: February 23, 2024

1.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.2K
A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons
07:13

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons

Published on: November 9, 2018

11.3K
Author Spotlight: Assessment of Visual Acuity in Central Vision Loss Through Motion-Based Peripheral Vision Testing
06:25

Author Spotlight: Assessment of Visual Acuity in Central Vision Loss Through Motion-Based Peripheral Vision Testing

Published on: February 23, 2024

1.0K

Area of Science:

  • Visual neuroscience
  • Psychophysics
  • Computational neuroscience

Background:

  • Human observers can discriminate the speeds of moving visual stimuli.
  • Understanding how the brain integrates visual information across space is crucial for visual perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how spatial separation and relative direction of moving dot arrays affect the accuracy of speed discrimination.
  • To explore the neural mechanisms underlying visual motion comparison across different spatial locations.

Main Methods:

  • Psychophysical measurement of speed discrimination thresholds for two arrays of moving dots.
  • Varying spatial separation (up to 10 degrees) and relative directions (same, opposite, orthogonal) of dot arrays.
  • Comparing thresholds when stimuli are presented to the same or opposite cerebral hemispheres.

Main Results:

  • Discrimination precision showed minimal variation with increasing spatial separation.
  • The relationship between threshold and separation was consistent regardless of dot array direction.
  • No significant difference in thresholds was observed when stimuli were presented to ipsilateral versus contralateral hemispheres.

Conclusions:

  • Human visual speed discrimination is remarkably invariant to spatial separation and relative motion direction.
  • Findings favor models where visual motion signals are transmitted via a shared neural resource ('cerebral bus') rather than solely relying on local comparator neurons.
  • This suggests a flexible, integrated processing of visual motion information in the brain.