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In situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for detecting microplastics and nanoplastics in aquatic environments.

Lulu Lv1, Lei He2, Shiqi Jiang1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|May 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) offers a promising solution for detecting microplastics and nanoplastics in aquatic environments. This method enhances Raman signals, enabling sensitive detection of small plastic particles.

Keywords:
MicroplasticsNanoplasticsPollutantQualitative analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Detection of microplastics and nanoplastics in aquatic environments is challenging due to limitations in current methods and instrumentation.
  • Existing techniques struggle with the small size and in situ analysis of plastic particles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for analyzing microplastics and nanoplastics.
  • To develop and optimize a SERS-based method for detecting these particles in aquatic environments.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed test conditions including sample-to-silver colloid volume ratio, NaCl concentration, and sample concentration.
  • Studied microplastics and nanoplastics (polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene) in pure water and seawater.
  • Utilized silver colloid as an active substrate for SERS analysis.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an optimal enhancement factor of 4 × 10⁴.
  • Demonstrated good Raman signal enhancement for microplastics and nanoplastics in both pure water and seawater.
  • Developed a SERS method capable of detecting 100 nm plastics down to 40 μg/mL.

Conclusions:

  • The SERS-based method effectively overcomes limitations in detecting microplastics and nanoplastics in liquids.
  • This technique offers a viable pathway for the rapid, in situ qualitative analysis of microplastics and nanoplastics in aquatic ecosystems.
  • SERS provides enhanced possibilities for future environmental monitoring of plastic pollution.