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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Calvarial Model of Bone Augmentation in Rabbit for Assessment of Bone Growth and Neovascularization in Bone Substitution Materials
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Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles as Injectable Bone Substitute Material in a Vertical Bone Augmentation Model.

Aoi Kaneko1, Eriko Marukawa2, Hiroyuki Harada1

  • 1Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.

In Vivo (Athens, Greece)
|May 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Bone graft gel with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles shows promise for vertical bone augmentation. High-viscosity gels demonstrated greater bone volume, though histological analysis revealed smaller new bone areas.

Keywords:
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticlesbiodegradable materialsin vivo studyinjectable bone substitutevertical bone augmentation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Background:

  • Vertical bone augmentation is crucial for dental implant success.
  • Developing effective bone graft materials remains a significant challenge in regenerative dentistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a novel bone graft gel containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles.
  • To assess its potential in promoting bone regeneration in a mouse model of vertical bone augmentation.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo study using a mouse model for vertical bone augmentation.
  • Comparison of high and low viscosity gel implants containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles.
  • Radiographic and histological evaluation of bone formation and material reactions at 12 weeks.

Main Results:

  • Bone augmentation peaked at 4 weeks and then decreased, irrespective of gel viscosity.
  • High-viscosity implants showed significantly greater bone augmentation volume at 8 and 12 weeks.
  • Histological analysis indicated a smaller new bone area in the high-viscosity group compared to the low-viscosity group.

Conclusions:

  • Gelatinous graft materials incorporating hydroxyapatite nanoparticles are effective for vertical bone augmentation.
  • Viscosity plays a role in the volumetric bone regeneration, but histological outcomes require further investigation.