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Related Concept Videos

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
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Thermal Strain01:19

Thermal Strain

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Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
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Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses01:22

Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses

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Strain energy quantifies the energy stored within a material due to deformation under loading conditions, a fundamental concept in materials science and engineering. The strain energy can be modeled when a material is subjected to axial loading with uniformly distributed stress. In this scenario, the stress experienced by the material is the internal force divided by the cross-sectional area, and the strain induced is directly proportional to this stress through the modulus of elasticity.
If...
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Strain-Energy Density01:20

Strain-Energy Density

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Understanding the strain energy density in materials under axial load is crucial for evaluating their mechanical behavior and durability. When a rod is subjected to such a load, it elongates and stores energy, known as strain energy, as potential energy within the material. This energy is measured in terms of energy per unit volume.
In the elastic region of a material, the relationship between the stress and the strain is linear and follows Hooke's Law. The strain energy density in this region...
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Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

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As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
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Comparison of two small-strain concepts: ISA and intergranular strain applied to barodesy.

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Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Intermediate Strain Rate Material Characterization with Digital Image Correlation
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An intergranular strain concept for material models formulated as rate equations.

Manuel Bode1, Wolfgang Fellin1, David Mašín2

  • 1Unit of Geotechnical and Tunnel Engineering University of Innsbruck Austria.

International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics
|May 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study extends the intergranular strain concept for soil behavior modeling to non-hypoplastic models. Two new approaches were developed and validated against experimental data, showing promise for broader soil mechanics applications.

Keywords:
barodesyhypoplasticityreloadingsmall‐strainsoil cyclic behaviour

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Area of Science:

  • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Soil Mechanics
  • Computational Mechanics

Background:

  • The intergranular strain concept accurately models small-strain soil behavior in hypoplastic models.
  • Material stiffness increases with changes in deformation direction.
  • Elastic behavior in small strains is achieved using only the elastic part of the material stiffness matrix.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt the intergranular strain concept for application in non-hypoplastic soil models.
  • To present and evaluate two distinct methods for determining elastic stress response in reversible deformations within non-hypoplastic frameworks.

Main Methods:

  • Two novel approaches for applying the intergranular strain concept to non-hypoplastic models were developed.
  • The first approach derives elastic response from the original material model.
  • The second approach incorporates an additional, separate elastic model.

Main Results:

  • Both presented approaches were successfully applied to barodesy simulations.
  • Simulations were compared against experimental results and traditional hypoplastic models.
  • The adapted methods showed comparable performance to original hypoplastic models.

Conclusions:

  • The intergranular strain concept can be effectively applied to non-hypoplastic models.
  • The two proposed methods offer viable alternatives for simulating soil behavior, particularly elastic responses.
  • Further research can explore the broader applicability of these adapted concepts in soil mechanics.