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Understanding the dual-task costs of walking: a StartReact study.

Jorik Nonnekes1,2, Valeria Dibilio3,4, Claudia Barthel5,6

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. jorik.nonnekes@radboudumc.nl.

Experimental Brain Research
|May 2, 2020
PubMed
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Performing multiple tasks while walking, known as dual-tasking, slows reaction times. This study found that reduced attentional resources, not a response bottleneck, cause these dual-task costs during walking.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Human Motor Control
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Daily life often requires simultaneous task performance, such as walking while performing other activities.
  • Performing multiple tasks concurrently typically leads to decreased performance, known as dual-task costs.
  • These costs may stem from reduced preparation or a bottleneck in response initiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of dual-task costs during walking.
  • To differentiate between lowered task preparation and response initiation bottlenecks.
  • To compare 'StartReact' effects in single-task (seated) versus dual-task (walking) conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the 'StartReact' paradigm, measuring reaction times during a manual squeezing task.
Keywords:
Dual-taskGaitStartReactStartle

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  • Introduced a startling acoustic stimulus in 25% of trials to probe movement preparation.
  • Compared performance between seated single-task and walking dual-task conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Reaction times were significantly delayed by approximately 20 ms when walking compared to sitting.
    • A startling stimulus reduced reaction times by approximately 60 ms in both walking and seated conditions.
    • The startling stimulus equally reduced reaction times in both conditions, indicating preparation was not absent.

    Conclusions:

    • Dual-task costs during walking are likely caused by a reduced state of preparation due to attentional resource competition.
    • The findings support the attentional resource theory over the response initiation bottleneck theory for dual-tasking while walking.
    • This has implications for understanding cognitive load and performance in dynamic environments.