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Thematic analysis of qualitative data: AMEE Guide No. 131
Michelle E Kiger1,2, Lara Varpio1,2
1Wright-Patterson Medical Center, Dayton, OH, USA.
Medical Teacher
|May 2, 2020
Summary
This guide clarifies thematic analysis, a flexible qualitative data analysis method. It provides a clear definition, a six-step framework, and discusses its appropriate use across epistemologies for rigorous research.
Area of Science:
- Qualitative Research Methods
- Social Sciences Research
Background:
- Thematic analysis is a prevalent but often misunderstood qualitative data analysis technique.
- Confusion regarding its philosophical basis and imprecise descriptions hinder its consistent application.
Purpose of the Study:
- To clarify the principles and application of thematic analysis.
- To provide a detailed definition of a 'theme' and a six-step framework for its implementation.
- To guide researchers in using thematic analysis rigorously across diverse epistemological stances.
Main Methods:
- Positioning thematic analysis relative to other qualitative analysis methods.
- Defining key concepts, particularly 'theme', with precision.
- Outlining and illustrating a common six-step framework for conducting thematic analysis.
- Discussing the method's advantages, disadvantages, and potential pitfalls.
Main Results:
- Thematic analysis is presented as a powerful and adaptable qualitative analysis tool.
- A clear definition of 'theme' and a structured six-step approach are provided.
- Guidance is offered for applying thematic analysis within various epistemological frameworks.
Conclusions:
- Thematic analysis, when clearly understood and applied, is a valuable method for qualitative researchers.
- This guide aims to empower researchers of all experience levels to conduct thematic analysis effectively and thoughtfully.
- Addressing common misconceptions enhances the rigor and acceptance of thematic analysis in research.
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