Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Group Design02:01

Group Design

10.0K
The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
10.0K
Introduction to Structures01:30

Introduction to Structures

1.6K
A structure is defined as a system of interconnected members designed to support or transfer forces and successfully withstand the loads acting on them. The internal forces of a structure can be determined by decomposing the structure and analyzing the free-body diagrams of the individual members or of a combination of members. This helps in understanding the structural elements' behavior and ensuring that the structure is stable and can withstand the subjected loads.
There are three main...
1.6K
Functional Groups02:45

Functional Groups

24.0K
24.0K
Functional Groups02:45

Functional Groups

86.5K
Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...
86.5K
Indeterminate Structure01:18

Indeterminate Structure

1.2K
Indeterminate structures refer to structures where internal forces and reactions cannot be determined using only the equations of static equilibrium.  Indeterminate structures have more unknown forces and reaction forces than equations of static equilibrium that can be used to determine them. Indeterminate structures are often used in engineering to create complex, efficient, and aesthetically pleasing structures. There are various types of indeterminate structures used in engineering and...
1.2K
Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

6.7K
Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
6.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

It's all in the group.

Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations and advances·2026
Same author

The complex stacking disorder of Fe- and Ru-based 1,1'-(3,6-pyrazabolyl)metallocenes.

Acta crystallographica Section B, Structural science, crystal engineering and materials·2025
Same author

OD (order-disorder) interpretation and diffuse scattering analysis of an organic polytype with allotwin character: a detailed how-to.

Acta crystallographica Section B, Structural science, crystal engineering and materials·2025
Same author

<i>T</i> <sub>1/2</sub> Tuning in a Synergistic BODIPY-Tetrazole Fe(II) Spin Crossover-Photoluminescence System via Counterion Variation.

Crystal growth & design·2025
Same author

T<sub>½</sub> Tuning in a Synergistic BODIPY-Tetrazole Fe(II) Spin-Crossover-Photoluminescence System via Co-Ligand Variation.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

New structural insights into Fe<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> - unravelling an unresolved dispute and three reversible phase transitions.

IUCrJ·2025
Same journal

Case study of using the single-atom R1 method to solve a small protein structure.

Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations and advances·2026
Same journal

Beyond complementarity: a reverse-engineering framework for de novo crystal structure determination from EXAFS.

Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations and advances·2026
Same journal

Crystallography in Open Science and its open educational resources.

Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations and advances·2026
Same journal

From atoms to a data bank: optimizing transferability of electron-density symmetry.

Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations and advances·2026
Same journal

Twenty-Sixth General Assembly and International Congress of Crystallography, Melbourne, Australia, 22-29 August 2023.

Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations and advances·2026
Same journal

MIDAS: a quantitative framework for high-energy diffraction microscopy. Part II: accuracy, robustness and best practices.

Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations and advances·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Standardized Modular Assembly of Polycistronic Operons with Modular Cloning (MoClo) using the In-Cloning toolkit
06:28

Standardized Modular Assembly of Polycistronic Operons with Modular Cloning (MoClo) using the In-Cloning toolkit

Published on: September 2, 2025

505

Groupoid description of modular structures.

Massimo Nespolo1, Bernd Souvignier2, Berthold Stöger3

  • 1Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2, F54000 Nancy, France.

Acta Crystallographica. Section A, Foundations and Advances
|May 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a groupoid-based approach to describe modular crystal structures. It details how to derive space groups from these modular structures using Brandt

Keywords:
groupoidsmodular crystal structurespolytypismsubperiodic groupssuperposition structures

More Related Videos

Design, Surface Treatment, Cellular Plating, and Culturing of Modular Neuronal Networks Composed of Functionally Inter-connected Circuits
10:32

Design, Surface Treatment, Cellular Plating, and Culturing of Modular Neuronal Networks Composed of Functionally Inter-connected Circuits

Published on: April 15, 2015

8.8K
The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
11:53

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

Published on: October 14, 2017

12.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Standardized Modular Assembly of Polycistronic Operons with Modular Cloning (MoClo) using the In-Cloning toolkit
06:28

Standardized Modular Assembly of Polycistronic Operons with Modular Cloning (MoClo) using the In-Cloning toolkit

Published on: September 2, 2025

505
Design, Surface Treatment, Cellular Plating, and Culturing of Modular Neuronal Networks Composed of Functionally Inter-connected Circuits
10:32

Design, Surface Treatment, Cellular Plating, and Culturing of Modular Neuronal Networks Composed of Functionally Inter-connected Circuits

Published on: April 15, 2015

8.8K
The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
11:53

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

Published on: October 14, 2017

12.1K

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Materials Science
  • Mathematical Chemistry

Background:

  • Modular structures are complex crystal architectures assembled from smaller, repeating units called modules.
  • Understanding the symmetry and relationships within these modular structures is crucial for predicting material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a general framework for describing modular crystal structures using groupoids.
  • To establish a method for deriving space groups from modular structures based on Brandt's groupoids.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing groupoid theory, specifically Brandt's groupoids, to model the relationships between substructures.
  • Developing a procedure to identify and extract operations applicable to the entire crystal structure from the groupoid.

Main Results:

  • A systematic method is presented to represent modular crystal structures via groupoids.
  • The approach successfully derives corresponding space groups by filtering groupoid operations.

Conclusions:

  • Groupoid formalism provides a powerful tool for the systematic analysis of modular crystal structures.
  • This method offers a clear pathway to understanding the symmetry of complex crystalline materials.