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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Riboswitches01:56

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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miRSwitch: detecting microRNA arm shift and switch events.

Fabian Kern1, Jeremy Amand1, Ilya Senatorov1

  • 1Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.

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Summary

miRSwitch analyzes microRNA (miRNA) arm selection, revealing dynamic expression shifts relevant to diseases. This web server aids researchers in interpreting small RNA sequencing data for novel biomarker discovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • MicroRNA (miRNA) arm selection, the differential expression of mature miRNA strands from a single precursor, is a complex biological process.
  • Tissue-specific and time-dependent variations in miRNA arm selection are implicated in various human diseases.
  • Analyzing these dynamic expression patterns is crucial for understanding miRNA function and disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce miRSwitch, a novel web server designed for the analysis and interpretation of miRNA arm selection events.
  • To provide a user-friendly platform for researchers to investigate shifts in mature miRNA distribution from precursor molecules.
  • To facilitate the comparison of miRNA arm selection profiles across different conditions and species.

Main Methods:

  • miRSwitch processes pre-processed small non-coding RNA sequencing (sncRNA-seq) data, including expression matrices and outputs from established miRNA quantification tools.
  • The tool enables group comparisons based on user-defined annotations, such as disease states or tissue types.
  • It offers adjustable parameters for sensitivity and specificity, allowing for customized analysis and comparison against a comprehensive human reference map of arm shift frequencies.

Main Results:

  • miRSwitch successfully identifies potential changes in the relative abundance of miRNA arms.
  • The analysis revealed novel insights into miRNA arm switching in an Alzheimer's disease biomarker dataset.
  • Cross-species comparisons between Homo sapiens and Mus musculus tissues highlighted conserved and divergent arm selection patterns.

Conclusions:

  • miRSwitch provides a powerful and versatile resource for exploring miRNA arm selection dynamics.
  • The web server facilitates the discovery of disease-associated miRNA arm shifts and aids in biomarker identification.
  • Its species-independent nature and comprehensive reference map enhance its utility for diverse research applications.