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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

2.2K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)01:06

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

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Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...
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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
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Optical Control of a Single Nuclear Spin in the Solid State.

M L Goldman1, T L Patti1, D Levonian1

  • 1Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|May 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers used a novel all-optical Raman technique to precisely control nuclear spins in diamond using the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center. This method

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Optics and Photonics

Background:

  • Individual nuclear spins are crucial for quantum information processing.
  • Coherent manipulation of nuclear spins in solids is challenging.
  • Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are promising quantum emitters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel all-optical method for coherent manipulation of nuclear spins.
  • To investigate the role of the NV center's electronic states in spin control.
  • To identify the limiting factors for coherent control performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center in diamond.
  • Employed an all-optical Raman technique for spin manipulation.
  • Analyzed the intrinsic physical properties of the NV center.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated coherent optical control of a proximal ^{14}N nuclear spin.
  • Identified that transverse hyperfine coupling and radiative decay rates in the NV excited state limit control performance.
  • Evaluated the physical constraints on coherent control fidelity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed all-optical Raman technique enables precise nuclear spin control.
  • Performance is fundamentally limited by NV center excited-state properties.
  • This method has potential for extension to other color centers for quantum applications.