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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

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An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

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The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
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Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
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A compact high-resolution spectrometer based on a segmented conical crystal analyzer.

José I Robledo1, Carlos A Pérez2, Héctor J Sánchez3

  • 1Centro Atómico Bariloche (CAB-CNEA), San Carlos de Bariloche 8400, Argentina.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|May 3, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel, compact spectrometer using a unique crystal analyzer. It offers high energy resolution and simultaneous measurements, outperforming traditional methods for X-ray fluorescence analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • X-ray spectroscopy
  • Crystallography
  • Spectrometer design

Background:

  • Conventional energy dispersive spectrometers (EDS) often lack the resolution for detailed elemental analysis.
  • Wavelength dispersive spectrometers (WDS) typically require angle scans, limiting measurement speed and complexity.
  • There is a need for compact, high-resolution spectrometers suitable for various X-ray sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, fabricate, and evaluate a compact, one-shot spectrometer.
  • To achieve high energy resolution comparable to existing WDS systems.
  • To develop a spectrometer that eliminates the need for angle scans and offers simultaneous measurement capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a spectrometer utilizing a segmented conically bent crystal analyzer.
  • Fabrication of a prototype spectrometer system.
  • Evaluation of the spectrometer's energy resolution and performance characteristics.

Main Results:

  • The spectrometer achieved an energy resolution of approximately 8 eV for the Mn Kα1 line.
  • Performance is an order of magnitude better than commonly used EDS for fluorescence.
  • The system allows simultaneous measurement of a 2 keV window with a short sample-detector distance (146 mm).

Conclusions:

  • The developed one-shot spectrometer offers superior energy resolution and efficiency.
  • Its compact design and simultaneous measurement capability make it versatile for various applications.
  • The system is suitable for synchrotron radiation facilities, free electron lasers, and conventional X-ray tubes.