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Related Concept Videos

Slump Test01:20

Slump Test

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The slump test is a widely used method to measure the workability of concrete. It employs a 12-inch high truncated cone mold that tapers from eight inches at the base to four inches at the top. Before testing, the mold is securely attached to a flat base and dampened.
Concrete is poured into the mold in three layers to conduct the test. Each layer is compacted 25 times with a steel tamping rod, which has a five-eighths-inch diameter and a rounded end, to ensure even distribution and eliminate...
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Hydraulic Jump01:29

Hydraulic Jump

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A hydraulic jump is a sudden rise in fluid depth in open channels, occurring when high-velocity (supercritical) flow transitions to low-velocity (subcritical) flow. This phenomenon requires an upstream Froude number greater than 1, as flows with Fr1<1 remain subcritical, making a hydraulic jump impossible due to the need for negative head loss, which violates thermodynamic principles.The characteristics of a hydraulic jump depend on the upstream Froude number and are classified as...
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Bricks01:14

Bricks

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Bricks, a fundamental building material, are crafted from fired clay and exhibit a range of shapes, sizes, and colors. The production process starts with extracting local clay or shale, which is then crushed, ground, and screened for a fine texture. The refined material is blended with water, creating a pliable mixture that can be formed into bricks using one of three processes: soft mud, dry press, or stiff mud methods.
Soft mud bricks are shaped in molds with high moisture content and can be...
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Brick Cutting Techniques01:08

Brick Cutting Techniques

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Brick-cutting techniques involve various tools and methods to shape bricks for construction. A mason's hammer with a chisel-pointed end is used for basic shaping through sharp, precise strikes. For more complex shapes requiring higher precision, a power saw with a water-cooled diamond blade is used.
Cut bricks are categorized by size. Bricks cut to half their original length are called half-bats, while those cut to three-fourths their length are known as three-fourth bats.
Special types of...
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Brick Durability, Strength, and Appearance01:15

Brick Durability, Strength, and Appearance

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Brick durability, strength, and appearance are crucial factors in construction, influencing the choice of bricks for specific applications. The process of freeze-thaw, for instance, significantly affects brick durability. This phenomenon occurs when water absorbed by a brick expands as it freezes, potentially causing damage when it melts and refreezes. Bricks are graded for durability: SW-grade bricks are the most durable, offering high strength and low water absorption, followed by MW-grade...
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Brick Sizes01:21

Brick Sizes

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Brick sizing plays a crucial role in construction, influencing both the aesthetics and structural integrity of buildings. Bricks are defined by three dimensions: width, thickness, and length. They are commonly designed to fit modular measurements, typically in multiples of 4 inches or 8 inches in width, to facilitate uniform construction and compatibility with other building materials.
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Biomechanical Analysis Methods to Assess Professional Badminton Players' Lunge Performance
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Trying for a BRAF Slam Dunk.

Antoni Ribas1, Roger S Lo1

  • 1Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. aribas@mednet.ucla.edu rlo@mednet.ucla.edu.

Cancer Discovery
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vemurafenib showed activity in 13 cancers with BRAF V600 mutations. However, response rates varied, indicating different cancer types rely differently on the BRAF oncogene.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • The BRAF V600 mutation is a key driver oncogene in various cancers.
  • Targeted therapies like vemurafenib have shown promise against BRAF-mutated cancers.
  • Basket trials are designed to test a single drug in multiple cancer types harboring a specific mutation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the activity of the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib across multiple cancer types with BRAF V600 mutations.
  • To investigate the variability in response rates to vemurafenib among different cancer histologies.

Main Methods:

  • A first-in-human basket clinical trial design.
  • Administration of the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib.
  • Assessment of drug activity and response rates in patients with 13 distinct cancer types harboring BRAF V600 mutations.

Main Results:

  • Vemurafenib demonstrated clinical activity in all 13 tested cancer types with BRAF V600 mutations.
  • Significant variability in response rates was observed across the different cancer histologies.
  • This suggests differential reliance on the BRAF-driven oncogenic pathway based on cancer type.

Conclusions:

  • The BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib exhibits activity across a spectrum of BRAF V600-mutated cancers.
  • Cancer histology significantly influences the degree of oncogenic pathway addiction, impacting treatment response.
  • These findings highlight the complexity of targeted therapy efficacy and the need for histology-specific considerations.