The biomarkers of hyperprogressive disease in PD-1/PD-L1 blockage therapy

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunotherapy
• Biomarker Discovery

Background:

• Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 antibodies, are utilized in cancer therapy.
• Limited response rates and the occurrence of hyperprogressive disease (HPD) hinder the widespread clinical application of ICIs.
• HPD is characterized by rapid tumor progression, poor patient survival, and early mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and summarize known biomarkers associated with HPD.
• To identify potential biomarkers for predicting HPD occurrence and ICI efficacy.
• To facilitate the selection of patients who are most likely to benefit from ICI treatments.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing research on HPD biomarkers.
• Categorization of biomarkers into tumor cell, tumor microenvironment, laboratory, and clinical indicators.
• Analysis of the predictive value of identified biomarkers for HPD and ICI response.

Main Results:

• Several categories of biomarkers, including tumor cell markers, tumor microenvironment factors, laboratory tests, and clinical indicators, have been associated with HPD.
• These biomarkers offer potential for predicting HPD and guiding ICI therapy selection.
• The identified biomarkers provide a basis for developing strategies to mitigate HPD and enhance ICI effectiveness.

Conclusions:

• Biomarkers are essential for predicting hyperprogressive disease (HPD) and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy.
• A comprehensive understanding of various biomarker types can aid in patient stratification for cancer immunotherapy.
• Further research into these biomarkers can optimize the use of ICIs and improve patient outcomes in oncology.