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Published on: September 8, 2023
Canine Brachycephaly: Anatomy, Pathology, Genetics and Welfare.
K J Ekenstedt1, K R Crosse2, M Risselada3
1Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Brachycephalic dogs, popular for their flat faces, often suffer from severe health issues like breathing difficulties and other disorders. This review examines the anatomical and genetic factors contributing to these conditions and discusses canine welfare.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Animal Genetics
- Comparative Pathology
Background:
- Brachycephalic dog breeds are increasingly popular worldwide.
- This skull conformation leads to numerous health problems, impacting canine welfare.
- Common issues include respiratory distress, thermoregulation deficits, and gastrointestinal disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the anatomical and pathological changes associated with brachycephaly.
- To identify genetic factors contributing to the brachycephalic phenotype.
- To discuss the welfare implications for affected dogs.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of anatomical and pathological studies.
- Analysis of genetic research on brachycephaly.
- Synthesis of information on canine health and welfare.
Main Results:
- Brachycephalic skull morphology is linked to brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS).
- Associated conditions include ophthalmological, dermatological, reproductive, and dental problems.
- Specific genes have been identified as contributors to skull shortening.
Conclusions:
- Brachycephaly results in significant anatomical and pathological challenges for dogs.
- Genetic predispositions exacerbate these health issues.
- Urgent consideration of animal welfare is paramount for brachycephalic breeds.
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