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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus
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Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus

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Rotavirus and autoimmunity.

J Gómez-Rial1, I Rivero-Calle2, A Salas3

  • 1Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Travesa da Choupana s/n 15706 Galicia, Spain; Laboratorio de Inmunología, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Clínico Universitario Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Travesa da Choupana s/n 15706 Galicia, Spain.

The Journal of Infection
|May 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Rotavirus infection is linked to childhood autoimmune diseases like celiac disease and diabetes. Current rotavirus vaccines show a positive protective association, suggesting a role in preventing these conditions.

Keywords:
AutoimmunityCeliac DiseaseRotavirusType 1 DiabetesVaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Rotavirus is a primary cause of acute diarrhea in children globally.
  • A historical association exists between rotavirus infection and the development of autoimmune diseases.
  • Mechanisms like molecular mimicry, bystander activation, and loss of tolerance are proposed to explain rotavirus-induced autoimmunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the link between rotavirus infection and autoimmune pathologies.
  • To investigate the role of rotavirus in celiac disease and diabetes.
  • To evaluate the impact of oral rotavirus vaccines on autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological and immunological data.
  • Analysis of physiopathological mechanisms.
  • Assessment of vaccine efficacy and safety.

Main Results:

  • Strong epidemiological and immunological evidence connects rotavirus infection to celiac disease and diabetes.
  • Current oral rotavirus vaccines demonstrate a positive protective association against these autoimmune conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Rotavirus infection is a significant risk factor for developing autoimmune diseases in children.
  • Oral rotavirus vaccines may play a protective role in preventing rotavirus-associated autoimmunity, including celiac disease and diabetes.