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Related Concept Videos

Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
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Current knowledge on Hepatitis Delta Virus replication.

Julie Lucifora1, Marion Delphin1

  • 1INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, France.

Antiviral Research
|May 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) co-infection with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) causes aggressive hepatitis. This review updates knowledge on HDV replication, potentially revealing new antiviral targets for liver disease treatment.

Keywords:
EpisomeHepatitis B virus (HBV)Hepatitis delta virus (HDV)HepatocyteLife cycle

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Hepatology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection causes severe liver disease.
  • Co-infection with Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) results in the most aggressive form of viral hepatitis.
  • Both HBV and HDV replicate as episomes in the nucleus, utilizing host cellular machinery for transcription.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of the Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) replication cycle.
  • To identify potential new targets for antiviral therapies against HDV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on HDV replication.
  • Analysis of viral and host interactions during HDV infection.

Main Results:

  • HDV, despite its distinct RNA genome, shares nuclear episomal maintenance with HBV.
  • HDV relies on cellular transcription machinery for its life cycle.
  • Understanding the HDV replication cycle is crucial for therapeutic development.

Conclusions:

  • An updated understanding of the HDV replication cycle is presented.
  • This knowledge may facilitate the discovery of novel antiviral strategies.
  • Targeting specific stages of HDV replication could offer new treatment options for aggressive viral hepatitis.