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Exosomal microRNAs-mediated intercellular communication and exosome-based cancer treatment

Zhao-Yu Shi1, Xiao-Xia Yang1, ChristinaYallen Malichewe1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|May 4, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) significantly impact cancer progression and intercellular communication, particularly through microRNAs (miRNAs). Research explores TDEs as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic delivery systems, despite challenges in understanding their functions and ensuring safe application.

Area of Science:

  • * Extracellular vesicle biology
  • * Cancer research
  • * Molecular oncology

Background:

  • * Exosomes are key mediators of intercellular communication, crucial in biological processes.
  • * Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) exhibit altered release rates and content, including microRNAs (miRNAs), compared to normal cells.
  • * TDEs influence tumor proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, immune response, and tumor-stroma interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the biogenesis of TDEs.
  • * To elucidate the role of exosomal miRNAs in cancer intercellular communication.
  • * To discuss exosome-based strategies for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review on exosome biogenesis and function in cancer.
  • * Analysis of exosomal miRNA roles in intercellular communication.
  • * Evaluation of exosome-based applications in oncology.

Main Results:

  • * TDEs are implicated in promoting tumor growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance.
  • * Exosomal miRNAs are critical effectors of intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment.
  • * Exosomes show potential as biomarkers and drug delivery vehicles for cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

  • * Exosomes, particularly TDEs, are significant players in cancer progression and communication.
  • * Exosomal miRNAs represent a promising avenue for understanding and targeting cancer.
  • * Further research is needed to overcome challenges for clinical translation of exosome-based therapies.
Keywords:
ExosomesIntercellular communicationMicroRNAs

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