Green Treatment of Phosphate from Wastewater Using a Porous Bio-Templated Graphene Oxide/MgMn-Layered Double Hydroxide Composite

Excessive phosphorus in water is the primary culprit for eutrophication, which causes approximately $2.2 billion annual economic loss in the United States. This study demonstrates a phosphate-selective sustainable method by adopting Garcinia subelliptica leaves as a natural bio-template, where MgMn-layered double hydroxide (MgMn-LDH) and graphene oxide (GO) can be grown in situ to obtain L-GO/MgMn-LDH. After calcination, the composite shows a hierarchical porous structure and selective recognition of phosphate, which achieves significantly high and recyclable selective phosphate adsorption capacity and desorption rate of 244.08 mg-P g^-1 and 85.8%, respectively. The detail variation of LDHs during calcination has been observed via in situ transmission electron microscope (TEM). Moreover, the roles in facilitating phosphate adsorption and antimicrobial ability of chemical constituents in Garcinia subelliptica leaves, biflavonoids, and triterpenoids have been investigated. These results indicate the proposed bio-templated adsorbent is practical and eco-friendly for phosphorus sustainability in commercial wastewater treatment.