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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Olfaction in Olfactory Groove Meningiomas.

Michaela Dedeciusova1, Norbert Svoboda1, Vladimir Benes1

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Olfactory groove meningioma (OGM) surgery outcomes depend on preoperative function and tumor size. Preserving the contralateral olfactory nerve via unilateral craniotomy is key for satisfactory olfactory results.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Olfactory Neuroscience
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Clinical assessment of olfaction is crucial for evaluating surgical outcomes in olfactory groove meningioma (OGM) patients.
  • Many studies lack adequate olfactory assessment, highlighting the need for standardized testing.
  • Specialized techniques like electro-olfactography and fMRI are used in research settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively analyze olfactory function outcomes after surgical resection of olfactory groove meningiomas (OGMs).
  • To identify prognostic factors for olfactory preservation and assess the impact of tumor volume and surgical approach.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a unilateral surgical approach in preserving olfactory nerve anatomy and function.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective analysis of 13 patients undergoing OGM resection between December 2013 and December 2017.
  • Olfactory function assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks odor identification test preoperatively, postoperatively, and at 1 year.
  • Data collected included clinical presentation, neurological exams, complications, recurrences, and follow-up.

Main Results:

  • Gross total resection was achieved in all cases via unilateral craniotomy with low morbidity (7.7%) and no mortality.
  • Preoperative normosmia was associated with better olfactory outcomes; 62.5% of these patients remained normosmic.
  • Higher meningioma volume correlated with worse preoperative and postoperative olfactory function. Unilateral approach preserved the contralateral olfactory nerve in 76.9%.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory function assessment is vital for preoperative planning and surgical outcome evaluation in OGM cases.
  • Preoperative normosmia is the most significant prognostic factor for olfactory outcomes.
  • Unilateral surgical approach offers anatomical preservation of the contralateral olfactory nerve, leading to satisfactory functional outcomes and supporting early resection.