Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Explicit Memories01:27

Explicit Memories

352
Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
352
One-Way ANOVA: Equal Sample Sizes01:15

One-Way ANOVA: Equal Sample Sizes

3.9K
One-Way ANOVA can be performed on three or more samples with equal or unequal sample sizes. When one-way ANOVA is performed on two datasets with samples of equal sizes, it can be easily observed that the computed F statistic is highly sensitive to the sample mean.
Different sample means can result in different values for the variance estimate: variance between samples. This is because the variance between samples is calculated as the product of the sample size and the variance between the...
3.9K
Variance01:15

Variance

11.8K
The deviations show how spread out the data are about the mean. A positive deviation occurs when the data value exceeds the mean, whereas a negative deviation occurs when the data value is less than the mean. If the deviations are added, the sum is always zero. So one cannot simply add the deviations to get the data spread. By squaring the deviations, the numbers are made positive; thus, their sum will also be positive.
The standard deviation measures the spread in the same units as the data....
11.8K
Causes of Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect01:26

Causes of Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect

190
The similarity-dissimilarity effect, a fundamental concept in social psychology, explains how interpersonal similarities and differences influence attraction and social interactions. This effect is supported by three key psychological perspectives: balance theory, social comparison theory, and consensual validation.Balance Theory and Cognitive ConsistencyBalance theory, developed by Fritz Heider, posits that individuals seek cognitive consistency in their relationships. When two people share...
190
Autobiographical Memory01:14

Autobiographical Memory

6.4K
Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This...
6.4K
Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation02:32

Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation

26.3K
In the field of psychology, there are several ways to organize measurements of a trait, feature, or characteristic (i.e., variables). Qualitative data, such as ethnicity, can be tabulated into a frequency count to provide information about the proportion, as well as the variety of groups in a sample or population. On the other hand, researchers can perform a wider set of calculations on quantitative data. The mean, mode, and median, for instance, are central tendency measures to identify a...
26.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Preventing Child Abuse Through a Brief Parenting Intervention: 2.5 Year Outcomes From the Safer Kids Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry·2026
Same author

The power of many small sex differences in cognition, personality, and interests.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

The efficacy of parenting interventions for forced migrant families on child internalizing and externalizing symptoms, parental self-efficacy, and parental competence: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Transcultural psychiatry·2026
Same author

Spatial ability, episodic memory, and emotion recognition in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia or complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Hormones and behavior·2025
Same author

Gendered interests and behavior in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia or complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Hormones and behavior·2025
Same author

Evaluating a program to prevent anxiety in children of anxious parents: a randomized controlled trial.

Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines·2025
Same journal

Adverse and positive childhood experiences in relation to adolescent mental health: sequential indirect associations.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Personality profiles and usage experience are associated with trust and dependence on generative AI: a latent profile analysis.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Editorial: Promoting replicability: empowering method and applied researchers in driving reliable results.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

The mediating roles of the challenge appraisal in the relationship between the coach-athlete relationship and adolescent athletes' burnout.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Unpacking GenAI-enabled deep learning engagement: role perceptions, human-GenAI synergy strategies, and underlying mechanisms.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Violence exposure and cyberbullying among Chinese adolescents: the mediating role of moral disengagement.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 22, 2025

An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze
14:24

An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze

Published on: July 29, 2025

1.3K

Sex Differences in Episodic Memory Variance.

Martin Asperholm1, Livia van Leuven1, Agneta Herlitz1

  • 1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Frontiers in Psychology
|May 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Men exhibit greater variability in verbal and spatial episodic memory, while women show more variance in route-memory tasks. These small sex differences in episodic memory variance require cautious interpretation due to potential measurement artifacts.

Keywords:
ceiling effectepisodic memorymean differencemeta-analysissex differencesvariance

More Related Videos

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

11.9K
Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
09:07

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats

Published on: February 23, 2015

13.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 22, 2025

An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze
14:24

An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze

Published on: July 29, 2025

1.3K
A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

11.9K
Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
09:07

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats

Published on: February 23, 2015

13.8K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Behavior

Background:

  • Previous research indicates greater male variance in various biological and psychological traits.
  • No prior studies have specifically investigated sex differences in episodic memory variance.

Approach:

  • A meta-analysis of 535 studies (962,946 individuals, 1973-2013) examined sex differences in episodic memory variance.
  • Data were analyzed to identify patterns in memory task performance between sexes.

Key Points:

  • Men displayed larger variances in verbal and spatial episodic memory tasks.
  • Women exhibited larger variances in route-memory tasks.
  • Observed effects were generally small.

Conclusions:

  • Small sex differences in episodic memory variance exist, varying by task type.
  • Potential measurement issues, like ceiling effects, may influence these findings.
  • Further research is necessary to clarify sex differences in episodic memory variance.