Liver morphology: anatomical study about the outer aspects

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Surgical Anatomy
• Hepatic Morphology

Background:

• Hepatobiliary surgery is advancing globally with improved liver imaging.
• Accurate interpretation of radiological images and surgical procedures requires precise hepatic surface anatomy.
• Morphological variations of the liver are common, posing challenges for surgeons.

Purpose of the Study:

• To re-examine liver surface anatomy and document unusual configurations.
• To correlate anatomical findings with clinical implications.
• To compare current findings with existing literature on liver morphology.

Main Methods:

• A study of 110 formalin-fixed adult cadaveric livers was conducted.
• Livers were examined for pathological lesions or damage.
• Morphological variations were classified using Netter's criteria and additional subtypes.

Main Results:

• Classical wedge-shaped livers were observed in 57.3% of specimens.
• 70.9% of livers exhibited morphological variations in shape, fissures, lobes, or processes.
• Combinations of variations, including pons hepatis (35.5%), were frequently noted.

Conclusions:

• Awareness of hepatic surface variations is essential for successful hepatobiliary surgery.
• Understanding anatomical anomalies aids in planning surgical procedures.
• Minimizing complications in hepatobiliary surgery relies on knowledge of liver variations.