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Updated: Dec 22, 2025
Multicolor 3D Printing of Complex Intracranial Tumors in Neurosurgery
Published on: January 11, 2020
The manufacturing procedure of 3D printed models for endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery
Zhen Shen1,2,1, Yi Xie1,1, Xiuqin Shang1,3
1State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
Background:
Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery is usually difficult and risky. With limited sources of cadaveric skulls, traditional methods of using virtual images to study the surgery are difficult for neurosurgeons and students because the surgery requires spatial imagination and good understanding of the patient's conditions as well as practical experience. The three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has played an important role in clinical medicine due to its advantages of low cost, high-efficiency and customization.
Objective:
CT images are used as the source data of 3D printing. The data obtained directly from the CT machine has limited accuracy, which cannot be printed without processing. Some commercial platforms can help build an accurate model but the cost and customization are not satisfactory. In this situation, a tactile, precise and low-cost 3D model is highly desirable.
Methods:
Five kinds of computer software are used in the manufacturing of medical 3D models and the processing procedure is easy to understand and operate.
Results:
This study proposes a practical and cost-effective method to obtain the corrected digital model and produce the 3D printed skull with complete structures of nasal cavity, sellar region and different levels of pituitary tumors. The model is used for the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery preparation.
Conclusion:
The 3D printed medical model can directly help neurosurgeons and medical students to practice their surgery skills on both general and special cases with customized structures and different levels of tumors.
