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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

648
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
648
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

665
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
665
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

139
Body:Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
139
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

1.3K
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

136
Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
136
Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

2.7K
The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
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Intraventricular Drug Delivery and Sampling for Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Study
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Polymyxin Delivery Systems: Recent Advances and Challenges.

Natallia V Dubashynskaya1, Yury A Skorik1

  • 1Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Polymyxin antibiotics combat resistant infections but have toxicity issues. Novel delivery systems enhance polymyxin bioavailability and reduce side effects for improved treatment efficacy and safety.

Keywords:
antimicrobial resistancebioavailabilitycolistindrug carriersdrug deliverypolymyxin

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Antimicrobial Research

Background:

  • Polymyxins are critical for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens.
  • Clinical use of polymyxins is hampered by significant nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity, alongside poor oral absorption.
  • Existing polymyxin formulations present challenges in achieving therapeutic efficacy and patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advanced polymyxin delivery systems designed to enhance bioavailability.
  • To explore strategies for reducing polymyxin-associated toxicity through targeted and controlled release mechanisms.
  • To identify optimal delivery systems for various administration routes, including oral, inhalation, parenteral, and topical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on polymyxin delivery systems.
  • Analysis of different formulation types such as polymer particles, liposomes, conjugates, gels, fibers, and membranes.
  • Evaluation of the efficacy of these systems in improving polymyxin properties and therapeutic outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Polymer particles, liposomes, and conjugates show promise for oral, inhalation, and parenteral delivery, improving bioavailability.
  • Gels, polymer fibers, and membranes are suitable for topical polymyxin administration in wound and burn treatments.
  • Delivery systems protect polymyxins from degradation, enhance target site concentration, and reduce overall toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced polymyxin delivery systems offer a viable strategy to overcome limitations of conventional polymyxin therapy.
  • These systems improve drug efficacy and safety profiles, paving the way for better management of resistant bacterial infections.
  • Further research into polymyxin delivery systems is crucial for developing next-generation antimicrobial agents with enhanced performance.