Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.7K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.7K
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

29.9K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
29.9K
Radical Formation: Overview01:03

Radical Formation: Overview

2.5K
A bond can be broken either by heterolytic bond cleavage to form ions or homolytic bond cleavage to yield radicals. A fishhook arrow is used to represent the motion of a single electron in homolytic bond cleavage. There are two main sources from which radicals can be formed:
Radicals from spin-paired molecules:
Radicals can be obtained from spin-paired molecules either by homolysis or electron transfer. While two radicals are formed in the former, an electron is added in the...
2.5K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

25.4K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
25.4K
Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

2.6K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
2.6K
Radical Formation: Addition00:47

Radical Formation: Addition

2.1K
Radicals can be formed by adding a radical to a spin-paired molecule. This is typically observed with unsaturated species, where the addition of a radical across the π bond leads to the production of a new radical by dissolving the π bond. For example, the addition of a Br radical to an alkene yields a carbon-centered radical.
Similar to charge conservation in chemical reactions, spin conservation is implicit for radical reactions. Accordingly, the product formed must possess an...
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Strongly Correlated Quantum Spin Liquids versus Heavy Fermion Metals: A Review.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2022
Same author

Doubly-Charged Negative Ions as Novel Tunable Catalysts: Graphene and Fullerene Molecules Versus Atomic Metals.

International journal of molecular sciences·2020
Same author

Filled and Empty Orbital Interactions in a Planar Covalent Organic Framework on Graphene.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2015
Same author

Self-assembly of biofunctional polymer on graphene nanoribbons.

ACS nano·2012
Same author

Band engineering of oxygen doped single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Nanoscale·2011
Same author

Structural and electronic properties of carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy resins.

Nanoscale·2010

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures
08:40

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Published on: May 15, 2018

9.9K

Fullerene Negative Ions: Formation and Catalysis.

Zineb Felfli1, Kelvin Suggs1, Nantambu Nicholas1

  • 1Clark Atlanta University, Department of Physics and CTSPS, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals fullerene negative ions catalyze water reactions. C136- is the most effective catalyst for water synthesis and oxidation, while C60- is optimal for peroxide synthesis.

Keywords:
anionic catalysiselectron cross sectionsfullerene anionspolarization interactionwater oxidation

More Related Videos

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics
13:58

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics

Published on: September 28, 2016

12.1K
Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

18.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures
08:40

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Published on: May 15, 2018

9.9K
Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics
13:58

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics

Published on: September 28, 2016

12.1K
Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

18.8K

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Fullerenes are carbon allotropes with unique electronic properties.
  • Negative ions of fullerenes can exhibit catalytic activity.
  • Understanding their catalytic mechanisms is crucial for developing new chemical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate negative-ion formation in fullerenes (C44 to C136).
  • To explore the catalytic potential of these negative ions in water oxidation and synthesis.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanism of negative-ion catalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Low-energy electron elastic scattering total cross sections calculations using a Regge-pole methodology.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) transition state calculations.
  • Analysis of hydrogen bond strength in transition states.

Main Results:

  • Calculated cross sections for negative-ion formation in fullerenes C44- to C136-.
  • Identified C60- as optimal for both water and peroxide synthesis.
  • C100- was found to increase the energy barrier the most.
  • C136- demonstrated the highest catalytic effectiveness for water synthesis and oxidation to H2O2.

Conclusions:

  • Fullerene negative ions can effectively catalyze water oxidation and synthesis.
  • The catalytic mechanism involves weakening or breaking hydrogen bonds in the transition state.
  • Specific fullerene structures, like C136-, show significant promise as catalysts.