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Hybrid Coils-Based Wireless Power Transfer for Intelligent Sensors.

Mustafa F Mahmood1, Saleem Lateef Mohammed1, Sadik Kamel Gharghan1

  • 1Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10001, Iraq.

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|May 6, 2020
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Summary

This study introduces a wireless power transfer system using magnetic resonator coupling to eliminate batteries in wearable heart rate sensors. The spiral-spider coil design achieved 10W power at 87% efficiency over 5cm, outperforming other topologies.

Keywords:
arduinoheart rate sensornRF24L01transfer efficiencytransfer power

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Wireless Power Transfer

Background:

  • Wearable biomedical sensors often rely on batteries, which are bulky, heavy, and require frequent charging or replacement.
  • The limitations of batteries pose significant challenges for the long-term usability and invasiveness of implanted or wearable devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and implement a prototype energy harvesting system using wireless power transfer/magnetic resonator coupling (WPT/MRC) for powering a heart rate sensor.
  • To overcome the power limitations of batteries in wearable biomedical sensors.
  • To optimize power transfer and efficiency across varying distances between transmitter and receiver coils.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a WPT/MRC system comprising power, measurement, and monitoring units.
  • Integrated an Arduino Nano microcontroller, heart rate sensor, and nRF24L01 wireless protocol for the measurement unit.
  • Tested three coil topologies (spiral-spiral, spider-spider, spiral-spider) to evaluate performance.
  • Optimized power transfer and efficiency at different coil separation distances.

Main Results:

  • The spiral-spider topology demonstrated the highest performance, achieving 10 W power transfer at 87% efficiency over a 5 cm air gap with a 200 Ω load.
  • The spider-spider topology achieved 7 W power transfer at 93% efficiency under the same conditions.
  • The proposed WPT/MRC topologies surpassed previous studies in power transfer, efficiency, and operational distance.

Conclusions:

  • The developed WPT/MRC system effectively addresses the battery power issue for wearable heart rate sensors.
  • The spiral-spider coil topology offers a promising solution for efficient wireless power delivery in biomedical applications.
  • This technology has the potential to enhance the reliability and reduce the invasiveness of wearable biomedical devices.