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Adipose Tissue Modification through Feeding Strategies and Their Implication on Adipogenesis and Adipose Tissue
Olaia Urrutia1, José Antonio Mendizabal1, Leopoldo Alfonso1
1IS-FOOD Institute, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y Biociencias, Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 6, 2020
Summary
Supplementing ruminant diets with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can improve meat
Area of Science:
- Animal Science
- Nutritional Science
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Health authorities recommend reducing saturated fatty acids (SFA) and increasing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega-3.
- Ruminant meat, a source of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), is high in SFA due to ruminal biohydrogenation.
- Modifying animal product fatty acid profiles is an active area of research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review dietary strategies for supplementing ruminant diets with n-3 PUFA.
- To examine the effects of these strategies on meat fatty acid composition.
- To discuss the role of n-3 PUFA in adipose tissue development and gene expression.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature on n-3 PUFA supplementation in ruminant diets.
- Analysis of studies reporting changes in meat fatty acid profiles.
- Examination of research on adipose tissue development and gene expression related to lipid metabolism.
Main Results:
- Linseed supplementation increases alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in meat, but not docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
- Fish oil and algae supplementation increase DHA content in meat.
- Dietary PUFA can alter adipose tissue adiposity and modulate genes involved in lipid metabolism.
Conclusions:
- Dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation offers a strategy to enhance the fatty acid profile of ruminant meat.
- Specific sources like linseed, fish oil, and algae differentially impact meat fatty acid composition.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA influence adipose tissue and gene expression.
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