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Stentian structural plasticity in the developing visual system.

Tasnia N Rahman1, Martin Munz1,2,3,4, Elena Kutsarova1

  • 1Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel "Stentian" signal from neighboring retinal ganglion cells promotes axon branching in Xenopus tadpoles. This non-cell-autonomous signal is activated by contralateral eye stimulation, guiding exploratory growth.

Keywords:
HebbianXenopus laevisactivity-dependentaxonretinotectal

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Axon Guidance

Background:

  • Axon misprojection occurs in a subset of Xenopus tadpoles, with a single retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon targeting the ipsilateral optic tectum.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing axon branching and targeting is crucial for neural development and repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factors influencing axon elaboration and branching of misprojected RGC axons in Xenopus tadpoles.
  • To elucidate the role of neuronal activity and cell-autonomous versus non-cell-autonomous signals in regulating axon growth.

Main Methods:

  • Time-lapse imaging of individual ipsilaterally projecting RGC axons in Xenopus tadpoles.
  • Stimulation of either the ipsilateral or contralateral eye to assess responses.
  • Genetic manipulation, including expression of tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT), to disrupt Hebbian stabilization.

Main Results:

  • Stimulation of either eye individually led to reduced axon elaboration through increased branch loss.
  • Contralateral eye stimulation uniquely increased new branch additions in the ipsilateral axon.
  • Inhibition of Hebbian stabilization via TeNT expression enhanced contralateral eye stimulation-induced branching.

Conclusions:

  • A non-cell-autonomous signal, termed "Stentian" signal, is identified.
  • This signal is engaged by the activation of neighboring RGCs and promotes exploratory axon branching.
  • Noncorrelated firing patterns, driven by contralateral stimulation, activate this signal to guide axon growth.