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Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms03:26

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

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The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Electron Configurations02:46

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Electron configurations and orbital diagrams can be determined by applying the Aufbau principle (each added electron occupies the subshell of lowest energy available), Pauli exclusion principle (no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers), and Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity (whenever possible, electrons retain unpaired spins in degenerate orbitals).
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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
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Atomically Defined Templates for Epitaxial Growth of Complex Oxide Thin Films
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Electronic nematicity in Sr2RuO4.

Jie Wu1, Hari P Nair2, Anthony T Bollinger1

  • 1Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Angle-resolved transverse resistivity (ARTR) measurements reveal electronic nematicity in strontium বাস্তবেRuO4 thin films. This anisotropy is present at room temperature and intensifies significantly upon cooling, indicating unique electronic properties.

Keywords:
angle-resolved transverse resistivityelectronic nematicitymolecular-beam epitaxystrontium ruthenate

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Superconductivity Research

Background:

  • Strontium ruthenium oxide (Sr2RuO4) is an unconventional superconductor with complex electronic properties.
  • Electronic anisotropy, a directional dependence of electronic properties, is a key characteristic in understanding such materials.
  • Angle-resolved transverse resistivity (ARTR) is a sensitive probe for detecting and quantifying electronic anisotropy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and behavior of electronic anisotropy in high-quality Sr2RuO4 thin films.
  • To explore the relationship between substrate type and the observed electronic anisotropy.
  • To assess the role of electronic nematicity or nematic susceptibility in Sr2RuO4.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of high-quality Sr2RuO4 thin films on various substrates (tetragonal and orthorhombic).
  • Measurement of angle-resolved transverse resistivity (ARTR) across a temperature range from room temperature down to 4 K.
  • Analysis of the ARTR signal to determine the degree and direction of electronic anisotropy.

Main Results:

  • A substantial ARTR signal, indicative of electronic nematicity, was observed even at room temperature in Sr2RuO4 films.
  • The magnitude of the ARTR signal increased by an order of magnitude as the temperature decreased to 4 K.
  • In films on tetragonal substrates, the highest conductivity direction was misaligned with crystallographic axes, while on orthorhombic substrates, it aligned with the shorter axis, yet anisotropy magnitude remained consistent despite lattice distortion.

Conclusions:

  • The experimental results provide strong evidence for actual or incipient electronic nematicity in Sr2RuO4.
  • The observed anisotropy is intrinsic to the material and not solely dictated by substrate-induced strain.
  • Sr2RuO4 exhibits significant electronic anisotropy that is temperature-dependent and robust against varying substrate symmetries.