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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 22, 2025

A Rat Carotid Artery Pressure-Controlled Segmental Balloon Injury with Periadventitial Therapeutic Application
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Noncoding RNAs in vascular smooth muscle cell function and neointimal hyperplasia.

Eithne Margaret Maguire1, Qingzhong Xiao1,2

  • 1Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.

The FEBS Journal
|May 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) involves vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Targeting noncoding RNAs in VSMCs offers new therapeutic strategies to prevent NIH and treat vascular diseases like atherosclerosis and in-stent restenosis.

Keywords:
circular RNAsin-stent restenosislong noncoding RNAsmicroRNAsneointimal hyperplasianoncoding RNAspostangioplasty restenosisvascular smooth muscle cell

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Medicine
  • RNA Therapeutics

Background:

  • Neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) is a key pathological process in atherosclerosis and in-stent restenosis (ISR).
  • Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are central to NIH development, driving lesion formation.
  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) within VSMCs regulate critical cellular processes involved in NIH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of noncoding RNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs) in VSMC biology.
  • To highlight recent advances in lncRNA and circRNA research relevant to NIH.
  • To identify potential RNA-based therapeutic targets for preventing NIH.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on VSMC RNA biology.
  • Analysis of current research on lncRNAs and circRNAs in vascular disease.
  • Synthesis of findings to identify therapeutic targets.

Main Results:

  • VSMC phenotype switching, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis are regulated by ncRNAs.
  • lncRNAs and circRNAs show significant potential as therapeutic targets in NIH.
  • Specific molecular players within VSMC RNA biology are emerging as key targets.

Conclusions:

  • Noncoding RNAs in VSMCs are crucial regulators of NIH.
  • Targeting lncRNAs and circRNAs presents a promising avenue for treating vascular diseases.
  • Further research into VSMC RNA targets could lead to novel therapeutic interventions for NIH.