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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

1.7K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
8.5K
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

7.5K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

870
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

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Targeting T cell activation in immuno-oncology.

S D Saibil1,2, P S Ohashi1,3

  • 1Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.

Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.)
|May 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immuno-oncology advances, like PD-1 inhibitors, show promise but many patients don't respond. Improving T cell activation is key to enhancing cancer immunotherapy effectiveness.

Keywords:
Immuno-oncologyT cell activationimmune checkpoint inhibitors

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Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Significant advancements in cancer treatment have been achieved through immuno-oncology since 2009.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly targeting the PD-1 axis, have driven this revolution.
  • However, a substantial number of patients do not respond to current immunotherapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental biology of T cell activation.
  • To emphasize the critical role of dendritic cells and the innate immune system in initiating T cell responses.
  • To discuss factors influencing T cell activation and their impact on cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of T cell activation pathways.
  • Analysis of the interplay between innate immunity, dendritic cells, and T cell responses.
  • Examination of factors limiting T cell activation in the tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • T cell activation is a complex process involving dendritic cells and innate immunity.
  • Multiple factors can impede effective T cell activation against tumors.
  • Current understanding highlights barriers to successful immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Overcoming barriers to T cell activation is crucial for improving immunotherapy outcomes.
  • Strategies to enhance T cell activation may increase patient response rates.
  • Further research into T cell activation pathways can optimize cancer treatment.