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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Reprogramming Platforms and Applications in Cell Replacement Therapy.

Akram Al Abbar1, Siew Ching Ngai2, Nadine Nograles3

  • 1Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.

Bioresearch Open Access
|May 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a promising avenue for regenerative medicine, enabling patient-specific cell therapies. This review explores iPSC generation, reprogramming, and their therapeutic potential, especially combined with CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing.

Keywords:
OSKMclinical applicationsgene editingiPSCsreprogrammingviral and nonviral vectors

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Genetic Engineering

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are generated from mature cells, offering a patient-specific source of pluripotent cells.
  • This technology holds significant promise for regenerative medicine and treating genetic/degenerative diseases.
  • iPSCs can be genetically modified and differentiated into specific cell types, reducing graft-versus-host disease risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical research leading to iPSC generation.
  • To discuss the mechanisms and factors involved in reprogramming cells to pluripotency.
  • To highlight the therapeutic applications and challenges of iPSCs, particularly in conjunction with gene editing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific research streams in iPSC generation.
  • Analysis of reprogramming factors and strategies.
  • Examination of iPSC applications in cell replacement therapy and gene editing.

Main Results:

  • iPSCs represent a significant advancement in regenerative medicine.
  • Reprogramming factors and strategies are crucial for iPSC generation.
  • iPSCs show potential in treating various diseases, with combined use with CRISPR/Cas9 enhancing therapeutic research.

Conclusions:

  • iPSCs are a powerful tool for regenerative medicine and disease treatment.
  • The synergy between iPSCs and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing opens new therapeutic avenues.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in iPSC-based therapies.