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Cadence Modulation in Walking and Running: Pacing Steps or Strides?

Anouk Nijs1, Melvyn Roerdink1, Peter J Beek1

  • 1Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, van der Boechorststraat 7-9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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|May 7, 2020
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Summary

Step-based auditory pacing is superior for modulating walking and running cadence, enhancing auditory-motor coordination and cadence internalization compared to stride-based pacing.

Keywords:
acoustic pacingcadencecoordinative stabilityperturbationsrelative phasesensorimotor synchronization

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Motor Control
  • Auditory-Motor Integration

Background:

  • Modulating walking and running cadence is crucial for mobility improvement and injury prevention.
  • Auditory pacing is a potential tool to influence gait parameters.
  • Understanding the effectiveness of different pacing strategies (step-based vs. stride-based) is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of step-based versus stride-based auditory pacing in modulating walking and running cadences.
  • To assess the stability of auditory-motor coordination and cadence internalization under different pacing conditions.
  • To determine the preferred pacing strategy for cadence modulation in runners.

Main Methods:

  • A within-subject study design involving 16 experienced runners.
  • Participants walked and ran on a treadmill, synchronizing with step-based and stride-based auditory pacing at various frequencies.
  • Measures included coordinative stability (relative phase variability, perturbation responses) and cadence internalization (post-pacing deviation).

Main Results:

  • Step-based pacing demonstrated significantly more stable auditory-motor coordination than stride-based pacing during both walking and running.
  • Cadence was better internalized for preferred and fast pacing frequencies, regardless of pacing type.
  • Synchronization was less successful in running, particularly at slow pacing frequencies.

Conclusions:

  • Step-based auditory pacing is more effective than stride-based pacing for modulating cadence in both walking and running.
  • This preference is attributed to superior auditory-motor coordination achieved with step-based cues.
  • Step-based pacing should be preferred for interventions aimed at modifying gait cadence.