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Related Experiment Videos

Trunk muscle strength in athletes.

E Andersson1, L Swärd, A Thorstensson

  • 1Department of Physiology III, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|December 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Elite athletes demonstrate superior maximal voluntary strength in trunk and hip muscles compared to untrained individuals. These strength differences, particularly in hip extension and trunk flexion, are often sport-specific, highlighting the impact of systematic training.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Assessing maximal voluntary strength in trunk and hip muscles is crucial for understanding athletic performance.
  • Elite athletes often exhibit distinct physiological adaptations due to specialized training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare maximal voluntary strength of trunk and hip muscles between elite male athletes, female gymnasts, and a normal conscript group.
  • To identify sport-specific strength differences related to long-term training.

Main Methods:

  • Isokinetic (constant velocity) and isometric techniques were used to measure maximal torque in trunk and hip flexion, extension, and lateral flexion.
  • Measurements were conducted at angular velocities of 15 deg.s-1 and 30 deg.s-1, with isometric testing in a straight body position.

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  • Subjects included male elite athletes (soccer, wrestling, tennis, gymnastics), female elite gymnasts, and a control group of conscripts (ages 18-22).

    • Main Results:

    • All male athlete groups exhibited higher peak torque values than the normal group, with the greatest differences in hip extension and trunk flexion.
    • Male gymnasts showed significantly higher peak values in hip flexion compared to all other groups.
    • Sport-specific strength advantages were observed, such as in lateral flexion towards the non-dominant side for wrestlers and tennis players.

    Conclusions:

    • Elite athletes possess significantly greater maximal voluntary strength in trunk and hip muscles compared to untrained individuals.
    • Strength adaptations observed are often specific to the demands of the athlete's sport, indicating the influence of systematic, long-term training.