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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Documentation in long-term care facilities and home healthcare settings is crucial for ensuring continuous, coordinated, and comprehensive care for patients. Each setting has its specific documentation processes and tools:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 22, 2025

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
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ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Dementia.

, Gul Moonis1, Rathan M Subramaniam2

  • 1Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.

Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR
|May 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Neuroimaging is crucial for diagnosing dementia, but advanced techniques like FDG-PET and SPECT offer better differentiation of specific conditions like Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia.

Keywords:
AUCAlzheimer diseaseAppropriate Use CriteriaAppropriateness CriteriaCognitive declineDementia with Lewy bodyFrontotemporal dementiaSuspected idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalusVascular dementia

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Central nervous system degenerative diseases pose a significant public health challenge.
  • Neuroimaging traditionally excludes other intracranial abnormalities in dementia workup.
  • Structural MRI findings are often nonspecific for differentiating dementia types.

Framework:

  • Advanced imaging methods are underutilized in general practice for dementia diagnosis.
  • FDG-PET aids in distinguishing Alzheimer disease from frontotemporal dementia.
  • SPECT imaging of the dopamine transporter can assist in diagnosing dementia with Lewy bodies.

Implementation:

  • DTPA cisternography and HMPAO SPECT/CT brain are used for normal-pressure hydrocephalus assessment.
  • The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria guide imaging procedures.
  • Guidelines are based on extensive literature review and expert consensus.

Implications:

  • Advanced neuroimaging can improve the accuracy of dementia diagnosis and differentiation.
  • Evidence-based guidelines enhance the appropriate use of imaging in clinical practice.
  • Expert opinion supplements evidence where data is limited, refining diagnostic approaches.