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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

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The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
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Lower GI Series: Barium Enema01:23

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A Barium Enema, or a lower GI series, is a specialized radiographic examination designed to visualize the lower gastrointestinal tract, specifically the colon and rectum. This procedure is instrumental in diagnosing various conditions such as colorectal cancer, polyps, diverticulosis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
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The examination begins by inserting a lubricated rectal tube into the patient's rectum to administer a radiopaque barium solution. The barium flow is carefully...
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Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is classified into subtypes based on the predominant bowel habits as determined by the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS). The subtypes are:
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Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
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ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Suspected Small-Bowel Obstruction.

, Kevin J Chang1, Daniele Marin2

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Radiologic imaging is crucial for diagnosing and managing small-bowel obstruction, a common cause of abdominal pain. This guide clarifies appropriate imaging use for acute and intermittent presentations.

Keywords:
AUCAbdominal painAppropriate Use CriteriaAppropriateness CriteriaEnteroclysisEnterographyNauseaSmall-bowel follow-throughSmall-bowel obstruction

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Abdominal Imaging

Background:

  • Small-bowel obstruction is a frequent cause of abdominal pain and hospital admissions.
  • Clinical presentation, physical examination, and laboratory tests lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing small-bowel obstruction.
  • Radiologic imaging is essential for accurate diagnosis and management guidance.

Framework:

  • Focuses on imaging evaluation for acute and indolent (low-grade, intermittent) small-bowel obstruction scenarios.
  • Utilizes American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria, which are evidence-based guidelines.
  • Incorporates systematic literature review and established methodologies (RAND/UCLA, GRADE) for rating imaging appropriateness.

Implementation:

  • Clarifies appropriate utilization of various imaging procedures for small-bowel obstruction.
  • Provides guidance for selecting imaging modalities based on clinical presentation.
  • Addresses scenarios with limited or equivocal evidence, incorporating expert opinion.

Implications:

  • Aims to optimize diagnostic accuracy and patient management for small-bowel obstruction.
  • Enhances appropriate use of radiologic imaging in clinical practice.
  • Supports evidence-based decision-making in abdominal pain evaluation.