Sonochemical synthesis of samarium tungstate nanoparticles for the electrochemical detection of nilutamide

This study reports the sonochemical synthesis of samarium tungstate nanoparticles (SWNPs) for applications in electrochemical sensors. The synthesis process is based on a precipitation reaction, which was investigated by ultrasound and compared with the effect of stirring. A bath sonicator operated at a frequency and power of 37/100 kHz and ~60 W, respectively, was employed to prepare the material. The shock waves efficiently irradiated the reaction conditions as much as possible, resulting in the good crystallinity of the monoclinic phase of the SWNPs, which was confirmed by XRD analysis. The surface morphology and structural composition was further evaluated by HRTEM, EDS and XPS. The good crystallinity and uniform distribution of elements in the nanoparticles were confirmed. The performance of the SWNPs to electrochemically sense nilutamide (NLT) was studied, which revealed a good electrochemical signal. As a result, the SWNPs were applied to an electrode material for the detection of NLT. This study revealed the excellent activity of the SWNPs for NLT detection, resulting in a low detection limit (0.0026 µM) and good linear range (0.05-318 µM). Furthermore, the results show appreciable analytical performances, which could be applied to electrochemical anti-androgen drug nilutamide sensors.