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Related Concept Videos

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
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Cell-bound complement activation products associate with lupus severity in SLE.

Cristina Arriens1,2, Roberta Vezza Alexander3, Sonali Narain4

  • 1Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.

Lupus Science & Medicine
|May 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell-bound complement activation products (CB-CAPs) indicate lupus severity, unlike low C3/C4 levels. Abnormal CB-CAPs correlate with higher Lupus Severity Index (LSI) scores, suggesting their utility in assessing disease activity.

Keywords:
SLEautoimmune diseasesdisease activity

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Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) research

Background:

  • Complement system activation plays a role in SLE pathogenesis.
  • Cell-bound complement activation products (CB-CAPs) and complement protein levels (C3, C4) are potential biomarkers for SLE activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between lupus severity, measured by the Lupus Severity Index (LSI), and the presence of CB-CAPs or low C3/C4 levels.
  • To determine the predictive value of CB-CAPs and low complement proteins for SLE disease severity.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 495 SLE patients meeting ACR criteria was analyzed.
  • CB-CAPs (erythrocyte-bound C4d, B-lymphocyte-bound C4d) and serum C3/C4 levels were quantified.
  • Lupus severity was assessed using the LSI, with statistical analysis including multivariable linear regression.

Main Results:

  • Abnormal CB-CAPs were more frequent (62%) than low C3/C4 (38%).
  • Higher LSI scores were observed in patients with abnormal CB-CAPs and those with both abnormal CB-CAPs and low C3/C4.
  • Multivariable analysis confirmed that abnormal CB-CAPs, but not low C3/C4, were independently associated with increased LSI scores, even after adjusting for age, race, and disease duration.

Conclusions:

  • Abnormalities in complement activation, specifically CB-CAPs, are significantly associated with increased SLE severity (LSI).
  • CB-CAPs may serve as a more sensitive indicator of disease activity in SLE compared to low C3/C4 levels.