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Related Concept Videos

Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

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Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
491
Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

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Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
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The Thoracic Cage: Ribs01:20

The Thoracic Cage: Ribs

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Ribs are curved, flattened bones forming the thoracic cavity wall with the thoracic muscles. There are 12 pairs of thoracic ribs. The posterior ends of all the ribs articulate with the T1–T12 thoracic vertebrae. In contrast,the anterior ends of most ribs attach to the sternum via their costal cartilages.
Parts of a Typical Rib
A typical rib has a head, neck, and body. The posterior end of the rib is called the head, followed by a narrow neck. The head articulates primarily with the costal...
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Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
742
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

1.0K
A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
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Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion01:30

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion

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Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
Inspection Findings
During an inspection, several findings may suggest the presence of respiratory distress or disease. Pursed-lip breathing, where exhalation is slowed by...
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Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling
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Pediatric Rib Fractures Identified by Chest Radiograph: A Comparison Between Accidental and Nonaccidental Trauma.

Stephanie Ruest, Ghid Kanaan1, Jessica L Moore2

  • 1From the Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Hasbro Children's Hospital.

Pediatric Emergency Care
|May 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rib fractures (RFs) are rare in children under 2 with accidental injuries but common in nonaccidental trauma (NAT). Chest X-rays (CXRs) showing healing RFs strongly suggest NAT, warranting further investigation.

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International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Radiology
  • Forensic Pediatrics
  • Child Abuse Detection

Background:

  • Rib fractures (RFs) in young children can be challenging to attribute to specific injury mechanisms.
  • Differentiating accidental trauma from nonaccidental trauma (NAT) is critical for child protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of RFs on chest x-rays (CXRs) in children under 2 years with accidental versus nonaccidental injuries.
  • To test the hypothesis that RFs are less common in accidental pediatric trauma than in NAT.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of CXRs from children under 2 years at a pediatric level 1 trauma center (2011-2016).
  • Data included demographics, CXR findings, trauma mechanism, and final diagnoses.
  • Comparison of RF prevalence between accidental trauma and suspected NAT cases.

Main Results:

  • Only 2 (<1%) of 226 CXRs for accidental trauma showed acute RFs.
  • Ten (19.6%) of 51 CXRs for suspected NAT revealed RFs, predominantly healing fractures.
  • Among confirmed NAT cases (n=38), the prevalence of RFs was 26.3%.

Conclusions:

  • Acute RFs are uncommon in pediatric accidental trauma, even with high-force mechanisms.
  • Healing RFs on CXR are highly concerning for NAT and warrant a comprehensive NAT work-up.
  • The presence of RFs, particularly healing ones, strongly suggests NAT, irrespective of the reported injury mechanism.