Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs on e-scooters: a toxicological perspective of public health and road safety in Leipzig, Germany.

International journal of legal medicine·2026
Same author

Expression of GPR34 in microglia remains stable in human Alzheimer's disease.

Acta neuropathologica·2026
Same author

The use of spleen biomechanics in forensic pathology.

International journal of legal medicine·2026
Same author

Optogenetic Inhibition of Striatal Parvalbuminergic Interneurons Unmasks Impaired GABA and Adenosine Signaling in DYT1 Knock-In Mice.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Autopsy practices for high-consequence infectious diseases: global guidelines, alternatives, and the BSL-4 gap.

Emerging microbes & infections·2026
Same author

A deep-learning framework reveals whole-body perturbations at cell level.

Nature·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Three-dimensional Confocal Analysis of Microglia/macrophage Markers of Polarization in Experimental Brain Injury
13:28

Three-dimensional Confocal Analysis of Microglia/macrophage Markers of Polarization in Experimental Brain Injury

Published on: September 4, 2013

11.9K

Fast microglial activation after severe traumatic brain injuries.

Julia Lier1, Benjamin Ondruschka2, Ingo Bechmann1

  • 1Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.

International Journal of Legal Medicine
|May 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) research shows early microglial changes in the brain are key for forensic wound age estimation. These findings highlight microglia

Keywords:
Chronic traumatic encephalopathyImmunohistochemistryInflammationMicrogliaTraumatic brain injury

More Related Videos

A Preclinical Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Hemorrhage Contusion and Neuroinflammation
06:50

A Preclinical Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Hemorrhage Contusion and Neuroinflammation

Published on: June 10, 2020

2.1K
Systems Analysis of the Neuroinflammatory and Hemodynamic Response to Traumatic Brain Injury
07:21

Systems Analysis of the Neuroinflammatory and Hemodynamic Response to Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: May 27, 2022

3.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Three-dimensional Confocal Analysis of Microglia/macrophage Markers of Polarization in Experimental Brain Injury
13:28

Three-dimensional Confocal Analysis of Microglia/macrophage Markers of Polarization in Experimental Brain Injury

Published on: September 4, 2013

11.9K
A Preclinical Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Hemorrhage Contusion and Neuroinflammation
06:50

A Preclinical Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Hemorrhage Contusion and Neuroinflammation

Published on: June 10, 2020

2.1K
Systems Analysis of the Neuroinflammatory and Hemodynamic Response to Traumatic Brain Injury
07:21

Systems Analysis of the Neuroinflammatory and Hemodynamic Response to Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: May 27, 2022

3.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Forensic Pathology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death in young adults.
  • Mechanisms of primary and secondary injury in TBI remain unclear.
  • Microglia, the brain's innate immune cells, play a critical role in TBI response, with both neurotoxic and neuroprotective functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate acute changes in microglial morphology and antigen expression following TBI in human cases.
  • To assess the potential of microglial reactions for forensic wound age estimation in TBI.
  • To explore the impact of shear forces on microglial morphology in human TBI.

Main Methods:

  • Standardized immunohistochemical analysis of microglial morphology and antigen expression.
  • Examination of 8 human TBI cases with survival times from minutes to 7 days.
  • Comparison with 5 control cases without TBI.

Main Results:

  • Highly localized microglial activation and erythrocyte phagocytosis observed in contusion areas within minutes of TBI.
  • Altered microglial antigen expression correlated with increasing trauma wound age.
  • Localization-dependent effects on microglial morphology, including dystrophy and adjacent activation, were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Early microglial reactions in TBI are highly localized and provide valuable insights for forensic wound age estimation.
  • Microglial changes following TBI demonstrate a temporal progression relevant to forensic analysis.
  • Further studies using human cadaveric samples are needed to fully elucidate TBI mechanisms and forensic value of microglial responses.