Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

4.4K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
4.4K
Biopharmaceutical Factors Influencing Drug Product Design: Overview01:22

Biopharmaceutical Factors Influencing Drug Product Design: Overview

148
Rational drug product design integrates knowledge of the drug’s physicochemical properties, formulation components, manufacturing techniques, and intended route of administration. Each factor influences the drug’s performance, including how it is released, absorbed, and eliminated in the body.The physicochemical properties of a drug—such as solubility, stability, and particle size—affect its compatibility with excipients and the choice of dosage form. Excipients, though...
148
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

104
Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
104
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

605
Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
605
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

2.0K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
2.0K
Clinically Relevant Drug Product Specifications: Methods of Establishment01:29

Clinically Relevant Drug Product Specifications: Methods of Establishment

123
Product specifications define the acceptable quality of a pharmaceutical product by ensuring identity, purity, potency, and strength. These specifications serve as benchmarks during development, manufacturing, and post-approval quality control. Clinically relevant specifications are particularly important because they directly relate to a drug's safety and efficacy in clinical use.Dissolution studies are critical biopharmaceutic tools that link in vitro behavior to in vivo performance. They...
123

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

MUC1-Driven Guanylin Gene Delivery via Succinylated PEI-9 Nanocarrier for Colorectal Cancer Treatment: An in Silico and In vitro Study.

Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin·2026
Same journal

Ozonated Oil for Rheumatic Diseases.

Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin·2026
Same journal

Oncolytic Viruses: Promising Future in Cancer Treatment.

Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin·2026
Same journal

Predatory Medical Journals in Patent Literature: A Hidden Threat.

Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin·2026
Same journal

The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin·2026
Same journal

The Role of Cerebrolysin in Promoting Axonal Regeneration and Functional Recovery after Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Focus on Macrophage Activation.

Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Combining Wet and Dry Lab Techniques to Guide the Crystallization of Large Coiled-coil Containing Proteins
11:14

Combining Wet and Dry Lab Techniques to Guide the Crystallization of Large Coiled-coil Containing Proteins

Published on: January 6, 2017

8.3K

Pharmaceutical Co-Crystallization: Regulatory Aspects, Design, Characterization, and Applications.

Abdul Raheem Thayyil1, Thimmasetty Juturu1, Shashank Nayak1

  • 1Faculty of Industrial Pharmacy, Bapuji Pharmacy College, SS layout, Shamnur road, Davanagere-577004, Karnataka, India. Introduction.

Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin
|May 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Pharmaceutical co-crystals enhance drug properties like solubility and stability. This review covers coformer selection, regulations, preparation methods, and applications of these advanced solid forms.

Keywords:
Co-crystalsEvaluation of co-crystalsHansen solubility parameterLiquid assisted grindingPreparation of co-crystalsSolvent evaporation technique

More Related Videos

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
09:15

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering

Published on: August 14, 2018

10.9K
Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
11:20

Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology

Published on: January 24, 2018

16.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Combining Wet and Dry Lab Techniques to Guide the Crystallization of Large Coiled-coil Containing Proteins
11:14

Combining Wet and Dry Lab Techniques to Guide the Crystallization of Large Coiled-coil Containing Proteins

Published on: January 6, 2017

8.3K
Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
09:15

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering

Published on: August 14, 2018

10.9K
Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
11:20

Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology

Published on: January 24, 2018

16.9K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Pharmaceutical co-crystals are multi-component solids formed by combining active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with pharmaceutically acceptable coformers.
  • These crystalline forms offer improved physicochemical properties compared to the free API, including enhanced solubility, dissolution rate, and stability.
  • Co-crystallization is a strategy to modify molecular interactions and optimize drug properties for better therapeutic efficacy and formulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of pharmaceutical co-crystals, addressing a gap in literature regarding coformer selection and regulatory aspects.
  • To detail the methods used for co-crystal preparation and characterization.
  • To highlight the pharmaceutical applications and potential of co-crystals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on co-crystal formation, characterization techniques, and applications.
  • Analysis of reported coformers and their impact on API properties.
  • Discussion of regulatory considerations for pharmaceutical co-crystals.

Main Results:

  • Co-crystals significantly improve drug properties, leading to stable and patentable solid forms.
  • Various preparation and characterization methods are available for co-crystal development.
  • Co-crystals have broad pharmaceutical applications, enhancing drug delivery and administration.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmaceutical co-crystals represent a promising approach for developing advanced drug formulations with superior properties.
  • This review consolidates information on coformers, regulations, and methods, aiding further research and development in the field.
  • The study emphasizes the renewed interest and potential of co-crystals in the pharmaceutical industry.