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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

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Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 22, 2025

In Vitro and In Vivo Detection of Mitophagy in Human Cells, C. Elegans, and Mice
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In Vitro and In Vivo Detection of Mitophagy in Human Cells, C. Elegans, and Mice

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MitophAging: Mitophagy in Aging and Disease.

Daniela Bakula1, Morten Scheibye-Knudsen1

  • 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|May 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Maintaining mitochondrial health is crucial for aging and disease. Mitophagy, the process of degrading damaged mitochondria, is key, and new therapies targeting this pathway offer hope for age-associated diseases.

Keywords:
agingautophagyinterventionsmitophagingmitophagymonogenic disorders

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In Vitro and In Vivo Detection of Mitophagy in Human Cells, C. Elegans, and Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Aging Research
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Mitochondrial health is vital for preventing age-related diseases.
  • Mitophagy, the selective removal of damaged mitochondria, is essential for maintaining a healthy mitochondrial population.
  • Defects in mitophagy are linked to severe multisystem pathologies, especially neurodegeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of mitophagy in health and disease.
  • To introduce the term 'mitophaging' for mitophagy processes.
  • To discuss novel small molecule interventions targeting the mitophagic pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on mitophagy and associated diseases.
  • Conceptualization and definition of 'mitophaging'.
  • Overview of emerging small molecule therapies for mitophagy.

Main Results:

  • Mitophagy is a critical cellular process for mitochondrial quality control.
  • Dysfunctional mitophagy contributes to various pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders.
  • Small molecule interventions targeting mitophagy show promise for therapeutic applications.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting mitophagy represents a promising therapeutic strategy for age-associated diseases.
  • The development of small molecules offers new hope for treating conditions linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.
  • Understanding and manipulating mitophagy, or 'mitophaging', is key to future treatments.