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Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
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Interfacial electrochemical methods focus on the phenomena occurring at the boundary between an electrode and a solution, as opposed to bulk methods that concentrate on the solution's overall properties. These interfacial methods are classified as either static or dynamic based on the presence of a nonzero current in the electrochemical cell and the consistency of analyte concentrations. Static methods, such as potentiometry, measure the cell's potential without any significant current...
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A Highly Efficient All-Solid-State Lithium/Electrolyte Interface Induced by an Energetic Reaction.

Yiren Zhong1,2, Yujun Xie2,3, Sooyeon Hwang4

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A novel interlayer created from Zn(NO3)2 and Li enhances solid-state lithium metal batteries. This interface improves Li metal anode performance, offering longer cycle life and superior safety in all-solid-state Li||Li cells.

Keywords:
Li metal anodeselectrode/electrolyte interfacegarnet electrolytesreaction-induced interlayerssolid-state batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Solid-state electrolytes like LLZTO are promising for safer lithium metal batteries.
  • Achieving stable interfaces between Li metal anodes and solid electrolytes remains a critical challenge.
  • Current Li metal anodes in liquid electrolytes face issues with cycle life, efficiency, and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a stable and highly conductive solid-state interface for Li metal anodes.
  • To improve the performance and safety of all-solid-state lithium batteries.
  • To investigate the properties and effectiveness of a novel interlayer formed via an energetic reaction.

Main Methods:

  • An energetic chemical reaction between Zn(NO3)2 and Li was employed to create a solid-state interlayer.
  • The interlayer composition (Zn, ZnLix alloy, Li3N, Li2O) was analyzed for its affinity with Li metal and LLZTO.
  • All-solid-state Li||Li cells were assembled and tested under demanding current-capacity conditions.

Main Results:

  • A robust interlayer with strong affinities for both Li metal and LLZTO was successfully synthesized.
  • The interlayer facilitated highly efficient Li+ transport, creating conductive pathways.
  • Li metal anodes with this interlayer exhibited extended cycle life, enhanced efficiency, and improved safety.
  • Cells operated stably at 4 mA cm−2 -8 mAh cm−2 for thousands of hours with >99.5% Coulombic efficiency.
  • No dendrite formation or side reactions were observed at the interface.

Conclusions:

  • The developed interlayer effectively stabilizes the Li metal-LLZTO interface in all-solid-state batteries.
  • This approach significantly enhances the performance metrics of Li metal anodes compared to liquid electrolyte systems.
  • The findings pave the way for safer, high-performance solid-state lithium batteries.