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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
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Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Physiology of Urine Formation01:24

Physiology of Urine Formation

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Urine formation is an essential function of the human body. It plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the volume and composition of body fluids. The kidneys, the primary organs involved in this process, filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances, ultimately producing urine.
Glomerular Filtration
The first stage in urine formation is glomerular filtration. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, the functional units of filtration, with a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
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[Lower urinary tract disorders in brain-damaged patients].

Ammar Kassouha1, Armin Schnider1

  • 1Service de neurorééducation, Département des neurosciences cliniques, HUG, 1211 Genève 14.

Revue Medicale Suisse
|May 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Brain lesions disrupt bladder control, causing overactive bladder, incontinence, and retention. Managing these urinary issues requires a comprehensive approach considering all neurological effects in brain-damaged patients.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Urology

Background:

  • Bladder function relies on complex neural control involving the spinal cord, brainstem, and higher brain centers.
  • Brain lesions frequently disrupt these neural pathways, leading to significant lower urinary tract symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of brain lesions on bladder function.
  • To highlight the clinical manifestations and management considerations for urinary disorders in brain-damaged individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating neurological control of micturition.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations of urinary dysfunction following various brain lesions.

Main Results:

  • Brain lesions commonly result in overactive bladder syndrome, characterized by increased urinary frequency and urgency.

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  • Urinary incontinence is frequently associated with overactive bladder and other neurological deficits.
  • Acute urinary retention can occur after hemispheric or brainstem lesions.

    • Conclusions:

    • Urinary disorders in brain-damaged patients necessitate a holistic assessment and integrated management strategy.
    • Treatment plans must consider the broader neurological consequences of brain injury for effective patient care.