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Surface runoff alters cave microbial community structure and function.

Madison C Davis1, Maria A Messina2, Giuseppe Nicolosi2,3

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surface water significantly alters cave microbial communities. Heavy rains introduce potential contaminants, replacing native sulfur oxidizers in sulfuric acid caves.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cave Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Sulfuric acid caves worldwide host unique microbial ecosystems crucial for cave formation.
  • The influence of surface water influx on these delicate subterranean microbial communities remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of surface water on microbial community diversity and function within a Sicilian cave spring pool.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing for microbial community analysis.
  • Employed bioinformatic tools to assess changes in microbial diversity and function.

Main Results:

  • During dry seasons, sulfur oxidizers dominated (>90%) the microbial community.
  • Heavy rainfall events led to the replacement of sulfur oxidizers by potential anthropogenic contaminants (e.g., Escherichia, Lysinibacillus).
  • A transitional period showed a mixed community including contaminants, sulfur-oxidizing, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Conclusions:

  • Surface water acts as a significant driver of microbial community shifts in sulfuric acid caves.
  • Cave microbial ecosystems are vulnerable to external inputs, highlighting potential impacts of environmental changes.