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Related Concept Videos

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

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Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of...
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G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to various stimuli. GPCRs regulate critical physiological pathways and are excellent drug targets for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, depression, or Alzheimer's. Nearly 35% of approved drugs implement their therapeutic effects by selectively interacting with specific GPCRs.
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G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
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Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned...
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The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
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Utilizing the Precision-Cut Lung Slice to Study the Contractile Regulation of Airway and Intrapulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle
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Class C GPCRs in the airway.

Brijeshkumar S Patel1, Jovanka Ravix1, Christina Pabelick2

  • 1Department of Anesthesiologyand Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.

Current Opinion in Pharmacology
|May 7, 2020
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Summary

Class C G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are emerging targets in airway pharmacology. This review explores their role in respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD, offering new therapeutic avenues.

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Area of Science:

  • Respiratory pharmacology
  • G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) research
  • Airway disease therapeutics

Background:

  • G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are crucial in airway function and disease.
  • Class A GPCRs are well-studied for bronchodilation and remodeling in asthma and COPD.
  • Class C GPCRs, including glutamate and GABA receptors, are increasingly recognized for their role in airway physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on Class C GPCRs in airway pharmacology.
  • To discuss the expression, function, and therapeutic potential of Class C GPCRs in airway diseases.
  • To highlight the application of targeting Class C GPCRs for conditions like asthma and COPD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Class C GPCRs in airway research.
  • Analysis of pharmacological data and expression patterns.
  • Synthesis of findings on therapeutic applications.

Main Results:

  • Class C GPCRs are expressed in the airways and influence structure and function.
  • Evidence suggests their involvement in respiratory diseases.
  • Pharmacological targeting of Class C GPCRs presents novel therapeutic opportunities.

Conclusions:

  • Class C GPCRs represent a promising, yet underexplored, area for airway disease treatment.
  • Further research into their specific roles and targeted agents is warranted.
  • Targeting Class C GPCRs could lead to improved therapies for asthma and COPD.