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Related Concept Videos

Differential Relays01:20

Differential Relays

642
Differential relays are used to protect generators, buses, and transformers by comparing electrical quantities at different points. When a fault occurs, the difference in current between the two points triggers the relay to operate, opening the circuit breaker. Under normal conditions, the current entering (i1) and leaving (i2) a generator are equal. When a fault occurs, however, these currents become unequal, and the difference current flows in the relay operating coil, causing the relay to...
642
Role-Based Identity01:21

Role-Based Identity

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Role-based identities are central to understanding how individuals navigate social environments by adopting distinct self-conceptions aligned with various societal roles. These identities are not fixed traits but are constructed through personal actions and the social feedback individuals receive in context-specific interactions. Each social role, such as student, teacher, or friend, carries a set of expectations and norms that influence how people think, feel, and behave within that...
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Distribution Reliability and Automation01:25

Distribution Reliability and Automation

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Distribution reliability in electrical power systems is critical for ensuring an uninterrupted power supply to consumers at minimal cost. According to IEEE Standard Terms, reliability is the probability that a device will function without failure over a specified time period or amount of usage. For electric power distribution, this translates to maintaining continuous power supply and addressing customer concerns over power outages. Several indices, as defined by IEEE Standard 1366-2012, are...
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Design Example01:23

Design Example

481
The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
481
Pilot and Numeric Relaying01:21

Pilot and Numeric Relaying

430
Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
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Non-ohmic Devices00:51

Non-ohmic Devices

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In most substances, the current flow is proportional to the voltage applied to it. A simple relationship between the values of current, voltage, and resistance is known as Ohm's law. Nonohmic devices do not exhibit a linear relationship between voltage and current. One such device is the semiconducting circuit element known as a diode. A diode is a circuit device that allows current flow in only one direction.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Data Communication Based on MQTT in a Polymer Extrusion Process
08:15

Data Communication Based on MQTT in a Polymer Extrusion Process

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DLT Based Authentication Framework for Industrial IoT Devices.

Cristian Lupascu1, Alexandru Lupascu1, Ion Bica1

  • 1Faculty of Information Systems and Cyber Security, "Ferdinand I" Military Technical Academy, 050141 Bucharest, Romania.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) security is often overlooked for cost reduction. This study proposes a framework using Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC) and Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) for enhanced IIoT security and integrity.

Keywords:
decentralized authenticationdistributed ledger technologyindustrial Internet of Thingsindustry 4.0secure multi-party computation

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Last Updated: Dec 22, 2025

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Data Communication Based on MQTT in a Polymer Extrusion Process

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Area of Science:

  • Industrial Cybersecurity
  • Information Security in Manufacturing
  • Applied Computer Science

Background:

  • Technological advancements in manufacturing increase efficiency and reduce costs.
  • Increased complexity and multiple stakeholders in industrial settings often compromise information security.
  • Legacy systems and smart factories frequently lack a security-by-design approach, leading to cyber vulnerabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an architectural framework for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems.
  • To address the critical need for authentication and guaranteed integrity in IIoT environments.
  • To integrate security by design principles into industrial manufacturing processes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an architectural framework for IIoT security.
  • Integration of Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC) for policy rule enforcement.
  • Utilization of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) for a secure and transparent registry.

Main Results:

  • The proposed framework ensures authentication and data integrity for IIoT systems.
  • It effectively addresses the security by design principle in industrial applications.
  • Combines SMPC and DLT to create a robust security solution.

Conclusions:

  • The novel architectural framework enhances security in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT).
  • It provides a viable solution for authentication and integrity in complex industrial environments.
  • The integration of SMPC and DLT offers a secure and transparent approach to industrial cybersecurity.