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Lymphopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: A systemic review and

Qianwen Zhao1, Meng Meng2, Rahul Kumar3

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
|May 8, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Low lymphocyte counts (lymphopenia) are linked to severe COVID-19. A lymphocyte count below 1.5×10^9/L may indicate a higher risk of critical illness in Coronavirus Disease 2019 patients.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents as a significant respiratory and systemic illness.
  • Early identification of patients at high risk for severe COVID-19 is crucial for effective clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between lymphocyte count and COVID-19 severity.
  • To determine if lymphopenia can predict severe clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across five databases for studies published between December 2019 and March 2020.
  • Included studies were in English and Chinese, encompassing 13 case-series and 2282 COVID-19 cases.
  • Meta-analysis evaluated the mean difference in lymphocyte counts and the odds ratio for lymphopenia in severe COVID-19.

Main Results:

  • Severe COVID-19 cases exhibited significantly lower lymphocyte counts compared to non-severe cases (MD -0.31×10^9/L).
  • Lymphopenia was associated with a nearly threefold increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 (OR=2.99).

Conclusions:

  • Lymphopenia is a key characteristic observed in severe cases of COVID-19.
  • A lymphocyte count below 1.5×10^9/L may serve as a valuable predictor for severe clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-2019lymphocyte countlymphopenia

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